MLOps

This MLOps flow starts from the stage when researchers / data scientists finished training the model and testing the deployment, and shared their model file(s), deployment script, and configurations for deployment & monitor to the MLOps team.

1. Preparation

Make sure the researchers / data scientists provided the following items before you can proceed:

• Model file(s), a folder or a file
• Deployment folder, including:
  • Main deployment script a.k.a. kernel file
  • Readme.md (if there is not, you can create one; it's required by WMLA EDI but has no impact)
  • (Optional) Other dependencies
• Deployment settings, including:
  • Deployment name
  • Resources config, for example:

{'enable_gpus':'True',
 'n_cpus':8,
 'memory_allocation':10000,
 'n_replicas':1,
 'n_min_kernels':1,
 'task_execution_timeout':2*60}

• Monitor settings, including:
  • Monitor name / id
  • Monitor configuration
    • (Optional) Information needed by specific monitor
    • Thresholds, for example:

THRESHOLDS_SEGMENTATION = {'precision': {'threshold': [60.0, 'lower']},
 'precision_positive': {'threshold': [0.6, 'lower']},
 'precision_negative': {'threshold': [0.6, 'lower']},
 'recall': {'threshold': [15.0, 'lower']},
 'recall_positive': {'threshold': [0.15, 'lower']},
 'recall_negative': {'threshold': [0.15, 'lower']},
 'f1': {'threshold': [45.0, 'lower']},
 'f1_positive': {'threshold': [0.45, 'lower']},
 'f1_negative': {'threshold': [0.45, 'lower']},
 'Dice': {'threshold': [20.0, 'lower']},
 'Dice_positive': {'threshold': [0.20, 'lower']},
 'Dice_negative': {'threshold': [0.20, 'lower']},
 'IOU': {'threshold': [12.0, 'lower']},
 'IOU_positive': {'threshold': [0.12, 'lower']},
 'IOU_negative': {'threshold': [0.12, 'lower']},
 'PixAcc': {'threshold': [35.0, 'lower']},
 'PixAcc_positive': {'threshold': [0.35, 'lower']},
 'PixAcc_negative': {'threshold': [0.35, 'lower']}}

You can fill in the information you gathered in the User Configuration section, and then follow the notebook A_MLOps_Pipeline to generate a deployment metadata yaml file. Alternative, you may refer to the example yaml deployment_metadata_cli_example.yml and ask researchers / data scientists to provide you with a deployment metadata yaml of the same structure.

How to make my yaml based on the example?

You can create a copy of the example and make modifications.

• ignore the fields with null value as they will be filled automatically during the MLOps process
• ignore the main key "MODEL_ASSET_ID" - yes it will be auto-filled too :)
• mainly what needs to be configured are:
  1. deployment configuration, such as how much memory is needed, etc.
  2. monitor configuration, such as the threshold for each metric under each monitor
  • you need to delete the unwanted monitor from the example and add your preferred one(s) if they are not already there
  • refer to section 3.3 to see how to get all metrics and their default thresholds

2. Procedures

You can either use the cli tool cli_mlops.py, or follow the notebook for more interactive experience A_MLOps_Pipeline. It's recommended to use the cli as it provides more functionalities.

Note:
space: Watson Machine Learning deployment space

2.1 CLI

The cli is more or less a wrapper of notebook A_MLOps_Pipeline with more functionalities.

A list of example commands can be found in cheat_sheet_cli_mlops.txt

1. Prepare the environment

Make sure you have CPD access token and WML space id as environment variable. Check using the following command:

echo $USER_ACCESS_TOKEN
echo $SPACE_ID

Configure if not specified:

export SPACE_ID=<wml space id to stage files to>

In addition, your dlim tool (WMLA's CLI for EDI inference service) needs to be in a place registered to $PATH. For example, if the dlim file is in folder /userfs, register this folder to $PATH by running:

export PATH=$PATH:/userfs

How to get CPD access token?

To get a token, refer to https://cloud.ibm.com/apidocs/cloud-pak-data#getauthorizationtoken or use the get_access_token() method in cpd_utils.py.

How to get dlim?

You can download it from WMLA web console. Note that as of CPD 4.0.5, it automatically selects the architecture that matches the system where you browser sits. If you use a windows machine to open this page, the downloaded dlim will be for windows and cannot be used in a linux environment.

2. Stage the model and dependency files, along with the config

You will see model asset id printed out that you may need for steps afterwards..

python cli_mlops.py prepare stage --path-model <path to model file(s)> --path-dependency <path to dependency file(s)> --path-yml <path to config yml>

For example:

python cli_mlops.py prepare stage --path-model=/mnts/AdditionalDeepLIIFVolume/deepliif-ws-output/Test_Model_wendy_ws_serialized2 --path-dependency=/userfs/wmla-deployment/edi-deployment-dirs/deepliif-base --path-yml=/userfs/deployment_metadata_cli_example.yml

3. Deploy the model

Similar to how this notebook works, the deploy create method at the backend executes pipeline notebook A2.

python cli_mlops.py deploy create --name <deployment name> --model-asset-id <model asset id>

Additional optional parameters:

• kernel-filename: filename of the kernel script, default to kernel.py
• custom-arg: key-value pairs to be inserted into the kernel script on the fly, good to store changeable variables or credentials (so the kernel script in git repository doesn't contain sensitive information)
• save-notebook: whether to save the executed notebook

For example:

python cli_mlops.py deploy create --name my-model --model-asset-id 41a9a8ff-dcaa-4f0f-beb5-2e1bbaa2f384 --kernel-filename kernel.py --custom-arg CPD_USERNAME=***** --custom-arg CPD_API_KEY=********** --custom-arg VOLUME_DISPLAY_NAME=AdditionalDeepLIIFVolume

4. Configure monitors for the model

Similar to how this notebook works, the monitor create method at the backend executes pipeline notebook A3_OpenScale_Configuration.

python cli_mlops.py monitor create --name <deployment name> --service-provider-name <openscale deployment service provider name> --save-notebook <True to save the executed pipeline notebook out>

Additional optional parameters:

• service_provider_name: OpenScale service provider name to register the deployment from, default to a headless service provider named OpenScale Headless Service Provider
• save-notebook: whether to save the executed notebook

For example:

python cli_mlops.py monitor create --name deepliif-wendy

How to get the latest monitor status for a deployment?

This method retrieves back the information of the latest evaluation for each of the monitors configured with your deployment.

python cli_mlops.py monitor status --name <deployment name>

For example:

python cli_mlops.py monitor-status --name deepliif-wendy

2.2 MLOps Notebook

Main Notebook to Run

The main notebook is the entry point to the configuration and execution of pipeline notebooks.

notebook	step	input	output
A_MLOps_Pipeline	1. Create draft deployment yml	user config	user config variables updated python str metadata
	2. Add needed assets (e.g., model files) to space	PATH_MODEL (user config) PATH_DEPENDENCY (user config)	assets in space, including model asset id
	3. Create final deployment yml	python str metadata model asset id user config variables	python dict metadata
	3. Add deployment yml to space	python dict metadata	updated deployment_metadata.yml in space
	4. Kick off pipeline notebooks, for each of the notebooks	python list paths_nb	cell output (optional) copy of executed pipeline notebook
	4.1 Specify needed input as environment variables, if not in yml	...	env vars used by a pipeline notebook
	4.2 Execute pipeline notebook

Pipeline Notebooks

The training notebook is not technically a part of the pipeline, as this is expected to be handled by the researchers / data scientists. If needed, it can be converted to a pipeline notebook.

notebook	step	input	output	note
A1_Submit_WMLA_Training	1. Configure training: - scripts and dependencies - config of training env (e.g., number of gpus)
	2. Prepare submission folder	paths_file and paths_folder (user config)	a submission folder with all scripts and dependencies	for distPyTorch, an additional snippet of code is needed in the main script
	3. Submit training	submission folder

If necessary, all the user config that are not part of the deployment metadata yaml file can be moved into it.

notebook	step	input / read from yml	output / write to yml
A2_
A3_OpenScale_Configuration	1. Get deployment service provider	os.environ['SERVICE_PROVIDER_NAME']	SERVICE_PROVIDER_ID
	2. Create new subscription	SERVICE_PROVIDER_ID os.environ['SUBSCRIPTION_NAME']	SUBSCRIPTION_ID
	3. Update deployment yml		openscale_subscription_id (deployment yml)
	4. Create monitor instances	openscale_custom_metric_provider (deployment yml) integrated_system_id (monitor yml)
	5. (Optional) Manual evaluation run

3. User Configuration

Here lists a few tricky fields to find a value for:

3.1 WML_SPACE_ID: WML Deployment Space ID

You need to first decide which WML deployment space to use. Then, you can find the space id either from the UI (Deployments -> -> Manage -> General -> Space GUID), or programmatically as the follows:

import wml_sdk_utils as wml_util
wml_client = wml_util.get_client()
wml_client.spaces.list(limit=100)

3.2 SERVICE_PROVIDER_NAME: Deployment Provider in OpenScale Monitor

For WMLA deployments, you can use a headless provider, meaning that it provides dummy information and is not technically linked to a real service that handles deployments.

This is because

1. WMLA is not an out-of-the-box deployment provider supported in OpenScale
2. The custom monitors we have at the moment (segmentation_metrics and generic_metrics) monitors the ground truth images & predicted images in a storage volume, and do not require OpenScale to interact with a deployment endpoint.

You can view all the available deployment provider already registered in OpenScale, and get the name of the provider you wish to use:

import wos_sdk_utils as wos_util
wos_client = wos_util.get_client()
wos_client.service_providers.show()

If you need to create a new headless deployment provider, follow notebook C1_OpenScale_Dummy_ML_Provider.ipynb

3.3 THRESHOLDS_<>: Metric Thresholds for OpenScale Monitor

Get default monitor thresholds:

import wos_sdk_utils as wos_util
wos_client = wos_util.get_client()

thresholds_segmentation = wos_util.get_default_thresholds('segmentation_metrics',wos_client)
thresholds_generic = wos_util.get_default_thresholds('generic_metrics',wos_client)

You may programmatically change the threshold of specific metric in a monitor:

# modify thresholds for your subscription/deployment
thresholds_generic['num_images_recent_ground_truth']['threshold'][0] = 100
thresholds_generic['num_images_recent_predicted']['threshold'][0] = 800

thresholds_segmentation['Dice']['threshold'][0] = 20
thresholds_segmentation['Dice_positive']['threshold'][0] = 0.2
thresholds_segmentation['Dice_negative']['threshold'][0] = 0.2
thresholds_segmentation['IOU']['threshold'][0] = 12
thresholds_segmentation['IOU_positive']['threshold'][0] = 0.12
thresholds_segmentation['IOU_negative']['threshold'][0] = 0.12

Or, copy and paste the output of the thresholds object (a python dictionary), and modify the values accordingly.

thresholds_segmentation = {'precision': {'threshold': [60.0, 'lower']},
 'precision_positive': {'threshold': [0.6, 'lower']},
 'precision_negative': {'threshold': [0.6, 'lower']},
 'recall': {'threshold': [15.0, 'lower']},
 'recall_positive': {'threshold': [0.15, 'lower']},
 'recall_negative': {'threshold': [0.15, 'lower']},
 'f1': {'threshold': [45.0, 'lower']},
 'f1_positive': {'threshold': [0.45, 'lower']},
 'f1_negative': {'threshold': [0.45, 'lower']},
 'Dice': {'threshold': [20.0, 'lower']},
 'Dice_positive': {'threshold': [0.20, 'lower']},
 'Dice_negative': {'threshold': [0.20, 'lower']},
 'IOU': {'threshold': [12.0, 'lower']},
 'IOU_positive': {'threshold': [0.12, 'lower']},
 'IOU_negative': {'threshold': [0.12, 'lower']},
 'PixAcc': {'threshold': [35.0, 'lower']},
 'PixAcc_positive': {'threshold': [0.35, 'lower']},
 'PixAcc_negative': {'threshold': [0.35, 'lower']}}

3.4 Modify Metadata

In the metadata, you need to add value for openscale_custom_metric_provider according to the monitor configuration you received / planned. The value to field openscale_custom_metric_provider is a dictionary, with key representing monitor id (e.g., segmentation_metrics) and value another dictionary depicting various configurations. For example, if only generic_metrics is needed, the entry may look like the following:

'openscale_custom_metric_provider': {'generic_metrics': {'dir_gt': 'DeepLIIF_Datasets/model_eval/gt_images',
   'dir_pred': 'DeepLIIF_Datasets/model_eval/model_images',
   'most_recent': 1,
   'thresholds': {'num_images_recent_ground_truth': {'threshold': [5.0,
      'lower']},
    'num_images_recent_predicted': {'threshold': [40.0, 'lower']},
    'num_images_total_ground_truth': {'threshold': [5.0, 'lower']},
    'num_images_total_predicted': {'threshold': [40.0, 'lower']}},
   'volume_display_name': 'AdditionalDeepLIIFVolume'}}

Instead of inserting the value of configurations directly like the above, you may also change the template in the notebook that uses python variables to fill in the string, and then intepret the string into a metadata python dictionary. Note that in the template you need to use double brackets to indicate a single bracket, in order for python to differentiate a real bracket character from a bracket used for reference to a python variable.

4. Fetch Monitor Status Manually

Use the following code snippet to fetch monitor status.

import wos_sdk_utils as wos_util
wos_client = wos_util.get_client()

Custom monitors

from ibm_watson_openscale.supporting_classes.enums import TargetTypes
wos_client.monitor_instances.measurements.query(target_id=<subscription id>,
                                                target_type=TargetTypes.SUBSCRIPTION,
                                                monitor_definition_id=<monitor id>,
                                                recent_count=1).result.to_dict()

OOTB monitors

Get monitor instance id and run id:

wos_util.get_monitor_instance(<monitor id>,<subscription id>,wos_client)

Get run details:

wos_client.monitor_instances.get_run_details(monitor_instance_id=<monitor instance id>,
                                             monitoring_run_id=<run id>)

Alternatively, you can list all the runs of a monitor instance:

wos_client.monitor_instances.list_runs(monitor_instance_id=<monitor instance id>).result.to_dict()