[Documentation] Update the learning guide

[Olshansk]

Description

Update the learning guide used for onboarding new internal & external contributors.

Issue

NA

Please mark the relevant option(s):

• New feature, functionality or library
• Bug fix
• Code health or cleanup
• Major breaking change
• Documentation
• Other

List of changes

• Add direct links to the docs describing each of the V1 modules
• Link to Otto's V0 guide to Pocket
• Link to the V0 Claim & Proof lifecycle
• Add a link to [@https://twitter.com/ittaia]'s Decentralized Thoughts newsletter
• Add link to a good and simple blog on kademlia

Testing

NA

Required Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have tested my changes using the available tooling
• I have updated the corresponding CHANGELOG

If Applicable Checklist

• I have updated the corresponding README(s); local and/or global
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added, or updated, mermaid.js diagrams in the corresponding README(s)
• I have added, or updated, documentation and mermaid.js diagrams in shared/docs/* if I updated shared/*README(s)

[bryanchriswhite]

I noticed a small typo but otherwise this looks great and I'm looking forward to reading it - thanks @Olshansk, just in time! 😄

[Olshansk]

Thanks for the quick review @bryanchriswhite! If you can think of any ways to improve/clarify it as you make your way through the doc, don't hesitate to change it.

[bryanchriswhite]

🙌