ccp: Draft top up, esp. for Encoding choices

cakm/ccp-examples.js

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ autoExpandExamples.ccp = `
 
 
 @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_script
-𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄧𑄧𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴|Chakma alphabet||changmha ajhapat
+𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴|Chakma alphabet||changmha ajhapat
 
 
 

cakm/ccp.html

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 
 
-<h1>Chakma</h1>
+<h1>Chakma (draft)</h1>
 <div class="orthographyLine">Chakma script orthography notes</div>
 
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ <h2 class="notoc flush"><a id="tochead" name="tochead" tabindex="4">Contents</a>
 
 
 <p id="status">Updated 
-<!-- #BeginDate format:Sw1 -->1 June, 2024<!-- #EndDate -->
+<!-- #BeginDate format:Sw1 -->4 June, 2024<!-- #EndDate -->
 <span id="versionTop"></span>
 </p>
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ <h2 class="notoc flush"><a id="tochead" name="tochead" tabindex="4">Contents</a>
 
 <details>
 <summary class="instructions">Referencing this document</summary>
-<p class="refLine"><small>Richard Ishida, Chakma (Chakma script) Orthography Notes, <!-- #BeginDate format:En2 -->01-Jun-2024<!-- #EndDate -->, <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/cakm/ccp">https://r12a.github.io/scripts/cakm/ccp</a></small></p>
+<p class="refLine"><small>Richard Ishida, Chakma (Chakma script) Orthography Notes, <!-- #BeginDate format:En2 -->04-Jun-2024<!-- #EndDate -->, <a href="https://r12a.github.io/scripts/cakm/ccp">https://r12a.github.io/scripts/cakm/ccp</a></small></p>
 </details>
 
 <p id="usage"></p>
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ <h2>Usage &amp; history</h2>
 
 <p><span class="eg" lang="ccp">𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄧𑄧𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴</span></p>
 
-<p>The Chakma script is an early offshoot from the Mon-Burmese script, and retains many of it's forms and features.</p>
+<p>The Chakma script is an early offshoot from the Mon-Burmese script, and retains many of it's forms and features. It is currently in danger of being replaced by the Bengali script, due to cultural and political developments over the past century.</p>
 
 <p class="instructions">More information: <a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09187-n3645-chakma.pdf" target="_blank">Unicode proposal</a> • <a href="https://www.endangeredalphabets.net/alphabets/chakma/" target="_blank">Endangered Alphabets</a></p>
 </section>
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ <h2>Basic features</h2>
 
 <p class="addToVowels">Four independent vowels are available for writing <a class="seclink" href="#standalone">standalone</a> vowels. Other standalone vowels can be written by attaching vowel signs to <span class="hx">11103</span>.</p>
 
-<p>Nasalisation is indicated using <span class="ch">𑄀</span>, which can be combined with either an anusvara or a visarga diacritic.</p>
+<p class="addToVowels">Nasalisation is indicated using <span class="ch">𑄀</span>, which can be combined with either an anusvara or a visarga diacritic.</p>
 
 
 
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ <h4>Vowel summary table</h4>
 
 <p>The following table summarises the main vowel to character assigments.</p>
 
-<p class="instructions highlight">ⓘ represents the inherent vowel. Diacritics are added to the vowels to indicate <a href="#nasalisation">nasalisation</a> (not shown here).</p>
+<p class="instructions highlight">ⓘ represents the inherent vowel. Diacritics are added to the vowels to indicate <a href="#nasalisation">nasalisation</a> (not shown here). The right-hand column lists independent vowels.</p>
 
 <table class="soundSummary">
 <tr>
@@ -746,12 +746,12 @@ <h4>Vowel summary table</h4>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
-<td><figure class="summaryBox auto noexpansion" data-cols="ipa,trans,transc">𑄬␣𑄮</figure></td>
+<td><figure class="summaryBox auto noexpansion" data-cols="trans,transc" data-ipa="e,o">𑄬␣𑄮</figure></td>
 <td><figure class="summaryBox auto noexpansion" data-cols="ipa,trans,transc">𑄆</figure></td>
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
-<td><figure class="summaryBox auto noexpansion" data-cols="ipa,trans,transc">𑄬␣𑄧</figure></td>
+<td><figure class="summaryBox auto noexpansion" data-cols="trans,transc" data-ipa="ɛ,ɔ">𑄬␣𑄧</figure></td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ <h3>Inherent vowel</h3>
 
 <p id="def-inherentvowel" class="explanatoryintro definitionStub"></p>
 
-<p>The inherent vowel for Chakma is <span class="ipa">aː</span> (longer than most inherent vowels). So <span class="ipa">ka</span> is written by simply using the consonant letter.</p>
+<p>The inherent vowel for Chakma is <span class="ipa">aː</span> (longer than the inherent vowels in Bangla and Hindi). So <span class="ipa">ka</span> is written by simply using the consonant letter.</p>
 </section>
 
 
@@ -823,11 +823,11 @@ <h3>Post-consonant vowels</h3>
     <span><span class="uname">U+11107 LETTER KAA</span> + <span class="uname">U+11128 VOWEL SIGN I</span></span>
 </p>
 
+<p>Plain post-consonant vowel sounds are written using 7 combining marks and 3 more are used for diphthongs. Chakma has 1 pre-base vowel sign and 2 circumgraphs.</p>
 
+<p>Two of the vowel signs are <a class="termref" href="../glossary/index.html#spacingmark">spacing marks</a>, meaning that they consume horizontal space when added to a base consonant.</p>
 
-<p>Six of the vowel signs are <a class="termref" href="../glossary/index.html#spacingmark">spacing marks</a>, meaning that they consume horizontal space when added to a base consonant.</p>
-
-<p>All vowel signs are typed and stored after the base consonant, and the glyph rendering system takes care of the positioning at display time. The glyphs used to represent vowels,  whether alone or in multipart vowels, are arranged around a <em>syllable onset</em>, which may be 2 consonants, rather than just around the immediately preceding consonant. See <a class="secref"></a> <a class="secref">prebase</a> and <a class="secref">circumgraphs</a>.</p>
+<p>All vowel signs are typed and stored after the base consonant, and the glyph rendering system takes care of the positioning at display time. When consonants are stacked the glyphs used to represent vowels,  whether alone or in multipart vowels, are arranged around a <em>syllable onset</em>, which may be 2 consonants, rather than just around the immediately preceding consonant. See <a class="secref"></a> <a class="secref">prebase</a> and <a class="secref">circumgraphs</a>.</p>
 
 
 
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ <h4>Nasalisation</h4>
 
 <p>This can also be used in syllables that end with an anusvara or a visarga.<tt>mh,2</tt> For example, <span class="ch">𑄃𑄂𑄀</span>.</p>
 
-<p class="info">Since both diacritics have the same combining class, the order should reflect the increasing distance from the base character.</p>
+<p class="info">Since both diacritics have the same combining class, the order in typing and storage should reflect the increasing distance from the base character.</p>
 </section>
 
 
@@ -1050,9 +1050,8 @@ <h4>Plain vowels</h4>
 <div class="mapItem">
 <div class="phone">&nbsp;</div>
 <div class="posn">&nbsp;</div>
-<div class="col1">Open syllable</div>
-<div class="col1">Closed syllable</div>
-<div class="col2">Independent vowel</div>
+<div class="col1">Dependent vowels</div>
+<div class="col2">Independent vowels</div>
 </div>
 </div>
 
@@ -1147,7 +1146,7 @@ <h4>Plain vowels</h4>
 <div class="posn">&nbsp;</div>
 <div class="col1">
 <p><span class="ch">𑄧</span></p>
-<p class="example"><span class="eg" lang="ccp"></span></p>
+<p class="example"><span class="eg" lang="ccp">𑄈𑄧𑄢𑄴𑄉𑄧𑄌𑄴</span></p>
 </div>
 <div class="col1">&nbsp;</div>
 </div>
@@ -1190,25 +1189,25 @@ <h4>Complex vowels</h4>
 
 
 <div class="mapItem">
-<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">aːi</span></div>
+<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">ai̯</span></div>
 <div class="posn">&nbsp;</div>
 <div class="col1">
 <p><span class="ch">𑄭</span></p>
-<p class="example"><span class="eg" lang="ccp"></span></p>
+<p class="example"><span class="eg" lang="ccp">𑄇𑄟𑄇𑄴𑄭</span></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 
 <div class="mapItem">
-<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">au</span></div>
+<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">ou̯</span></div>
 <div class="posn">&nbsp;</div>
 <div class="col1">
 <p><span class="ch">𑄯</span></p>
-<p class="example"><span class="eg" lang="ccp"></span></p>
+<p class="example"><span class="eg" lang="ccp">𑄢𑄘 𑄇𑄪𑄢𑄯</span></p>
 </div>
 </div>
 
 <div class="mapItem">
-<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">oi</span></div>
+<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">oi̯</span></div>
 <div class="posn">&nbsp;</div>
 <div class="col1">
 <p><span class="ch">𑄰</span></p>
@@ -1217,7 +1216,7 @@ <h4>Complex vowels</h4>
 </div>
 
 <div class="mapItem uncommon">
-<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">eːi</span></div>
+<div class="phone"><span class="ipa">eːi̯</span></div>
 <div class="posn">&nbsp;</div>
 <div class="col1">
 <p><span class="ch">𑅆</span> Used by the Baarah Maatraa orthography.</p>
@@ -1261,14 +1260,14 @@ <h2>Consonants</h2>
 
 -->
 
-<details class="tbd">
+<!--details class="tbd">
 <summary>Sections needing attention ...</summary>
 
 <section id="onsets">
 <h4>Onsets</h4>
-<!--p class="seeSamples">See <a href="https://github.com/r12a/typesamples/issues/34" target="_blank">type samples</a>.</p-->
+<p class="seeSamples">See <a href="https://github.com/r12a/typesamples/issues/34" target="_blank">type samples</a>.</p>
 </section>
-</details>
+</details-->
 </aside>
 
 
@@ -1343,7 +1342,7 @@ <h3>Basic consonants</h3>
 <p class="observation"><span class="leadin">Observation:</span> Bivuti also appears to pronounce <span class="ch">𑄛</span> and <span class="ch">𑄜</span> as <span class="ipa">faː</span>.</p>
 
 
-<p class="observation"><span class="leadin">Observation:</span> The sources used give no clear indication relating to the difference between <span class="ch">𑄡</span> and <span class="ch">𑄠</span>, and the phonemic value of the former varies from source to source. Bivuti seems to pronounce the former as <span class="ipa">z</span>. The second letter is commonly used as the second item in a consonant cluster, involving both the virama and <span class="name">maayyaa</span>, ie. <span class="ch">C𑄳𑄠𑄴</span>, which Bivuti seems to pronounce as <span class="ipa">ɛ</span>. It is assumed, given the Unicode names and the fact that most Chakma write using the Bengali script, that these are used in a similar though not identical way as 
+<p class="observation"><span class="leadin">Observation:</span> The sources used give no clear indication relating to the difference between <span class="ch">𑄡</span> and <span class="ch">𑄠</span>, and the phonemic value of the former varies from source to source. Bivuti seems to pronounce the former as <span class="ipa">z</span>. The second letter is commonly used as the second item in a consonant cluster, involving both the virama and <span class="name">maayyaa</span>, ie. <span class="ch split">C𑄳𑄠𑄴</span>, which Bivuti seems to pronounce as <span class="ipa">ɛ</span>. It is assumed, given the Unicode names and the fact that most Chakma write using the Bengali script, that these are used in a similar though not identical way as 
 <span class="codepoint" translate="no"><bdi lang="bn">&#x09AF;</bdi> <a href="../../scripts/beng/block.html#char09AF"><span class="uname">U+09AF BENGALI LETTER YA</span></a></span>
 and
 <span class="codepoint" translate="no"><bdi lang="bn">&#x09DF;</bdi> <a href="../../scripts/beng/block.html#char09DF"><span class="uname">U+09DF BENGALI LETTER YYA</span></a></span>,
@@ -1386,6 +1385,9 @@ <h3>Onsets</h3>
 <p><span class="eg" lang="ccp">𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴</span></p>
 <p><span class="eg" lang="ccp">𑄟𑄳𑄢𑄨𑄖𑄴𑄨𑄇</span></p>
 <p><span class="eg" lang="ccp"></span></p>
+
+<p class="observation"><span class="leadin">Observation:</span> It's not clear whether a subjoined <span class="uname">HA</span> represents a way of indicating an aspirated or breathy consonant, or a syllable-initial <span class="ipa">h</span>, or a syllable-final <span class="ipa">h</span>. In the word for Chakma above it doesn't appear to be a syllable initial.  However, there are other occurrences of a subjoined <span class="uname">HA</span> with come with a <span class="name">maayyaa</span> above the stack, and this may indicate a different pronunciation, eg. <span class="charExample" translate="no"><span class="ex" lang="ccp">𑄇𑄧𑄙𑄝𑄖𑄳𑄦𑄴</span></span>.</p>
+
 </section>
 
 
@@ -1926,27 +1928,34 @@ <h3>Questions</h3>
 <section id="questions_killers">
 <h4>Mixed vowel killers</h4>
 
-<p>A number of words contain both <span class="ch">𑄴</span> and <span class="ch">𑄳</span> in the same orthographic syllable.</p>
+<p>A number of words contain both <span class="ch">𑄴</span> and <span class="ch">𑄳</span> in the same consonant cluster.</p>
 
-<p>This usage is not described in detail any of the sources consulted. The sequence of characters used in digital text is usually:</p>
+<p>This usage is not described in detail any of the sources consulted. The sequence of characters used in digital text can be either of the following:</p>
 
 <p><span class="ch split">C𑄳C𑄴</span></p>
+<p><span class="ch split">C𑄴𑄳C</span></p>
 
-<p>However, the Noto and RibengUni fonts also support the following, which may make more sense. </p>
+<p>The Noto and RibengUni fonts  support either ordering. </p>
+<p>The second consonant is usually <span class="ch">𑄠</span> or <span class="ch">𑄦</span>. The following are examples found in a <a href="https://languagetools-153419.appspot.com/help/ccp/wordlist_input_help.html">single page</a>.</p>
 
-<p><span class="ch split">C𑄴𑄳C</span></p>
+<ol>
+<li><span class="leadin">With YA:</span> <span lang="ccp">𑄆𑄙𑄮𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄠𑄚𑄴 𑄉𑄧𑄖𑄴𑄳𑄠 𑄝𑄚𑄬𑄝𑄖𑄴𑄳𑄠 𑄞𑄣𑄧𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄦𑄚𑄨 𑄟𑄧𑄖𑄴𑄳𑄠 𑄥𑄧𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄠</span></li>
+<li><span class="leadin">With HA:</span> <span lang="ccp">𑄆𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄦𑄚𑄴 𑄇𑄧𑄙𑄞𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄦𑄚𑄨 𑄇𑄧𑄙𑄞𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄦𑄚𑄴 𑄇𑄩𑄝𑄮𑄖𑄴𑄳𑄦𑄚𑄴 𑄑𑄬𑄇𑄴𑄌𑄴𑄳𑄦𑄚𑄴</span></li>
+</ol>
 
-<p>In many of the occurrences of this sequence in the <a href="#sample">sample text at the top of the page</a> the second consonant is <span class="ch">𑄠</span>, but there are several that end with subjoined <span class="ch">𑄦</span>.</p>
+<p>It is also possible to find stacks with HA that don't have the maayyaa. It's not clear what the difference is.</p>
 
-<!--<p>At a guess, those ending with <span class="ch">𑄠</span> may represent an onset consonant followed by a medial consonant, such as <span class="ch">𑄇𑄳𑄠𑄴</span> to represent <span class="ipa">kja</span>.</p>
--->
-<p>This appears to be a construction similar to that in Bengali, using 
-<span class="codepoint" translate="no"><bdi lang="bn">&#x09AF;</bdi> <span class="uname">U+09AF BENGALI LETTER YA</span></span>,
-which typically produces the vowel <span class="ipa">æ</span>. This seems plausible because none of these sequences are followed by a vowel sign, and  <span class="ipa">æ</span> is described as being a common phone in Chakma. On the other hand, recordings on YouTube of words containing this appear to produce the sound <span class="ipa">ɛ</span>, which is also supposed to occur in Chakma but hasn't yet been associated with a letter during research. Note that most Chakma speakers write their language using the Bengali script, so this should not be too surprising.</p>
+<p>Recordings by Bivuti Chakma appear to pronounce sequences such as <span class="ch">𑄇𑄴𑄳𑄠</span> as <span class="ipa">kjɛ</span>. This brings to mind the use of a consonant cluster in Bengali where the conjunct has <span class="codepoint" translate="no"><bdi lang="bn">&#x09AF;</bdi> <span class="uname">U+09AF BENGALI LETTER YA</span></span> as the second letter, and which produces the sound <span class="ipa">-æ</span>, eg. the following word from Bivuti's description of consonant names at time slot 3:05<tt>@YouTube 3:05,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGkzy7X1td8&list=PLotADF7Gc7f46MfvNiRFPDzHRRFc1rgPc</tt></p>
+<p><span class="charExample" translate="no"><span class="ex" lang="ccp">𑄌𑄚𑄴𑄘𑄳𑄠</span> <span class="ipa">t͡ʃaːndjɛ</span> <span class="transc">cāndẏā</span></span></p>
 
 <p>It isn't clear whether sequences ending in a subjoined <span class="ch">𑄦</span> represent aspiration of the initial consonant, breathiness of the vowel, or simply a cluster that begins another syllable with <span class="ipa">h</span>.</p>
 
-<p>In either case it is worth noting that the <span class="name">maayyaa</span> comes <em>after the stack</em>, although it (presumably) relates to the initial consonant in the cluster.</p>
+<p>In either case it is worth noting that the <span class="name">maayyaa</span> is rendered over the initial letter in the conjunct, regardless of the code point sequence in memory.</p>
+
+
+<p>Everson and the Unicode Standard seem to assume that both the virama and the <span class="name">maayyaa</span> are present to kill a vowel, and there is text to indicate that there is no justification for having both combining marks side by side in storage.  However, it seems that the <span class="name">maayyaa</span> <em>doesn't</em> have the role of killing the vowel here; instead it appears to signal that this is a special construct. The virama itself already kills the vowel, and the <span class="name">maayyaa</span> adds some additional information.</p>
+
+
 </section>