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16 changes: 16 additions & 0 deletions lisu/lis.css
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Expand Up @@ -14,3 +14,19 @@
@media print { #freeText { font-size: 18px; } }
[lang=lis] { font-family: "Noto Lisu WF", serif; font-size: 140%; }
.large .ex { font-size: 300%; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1; }





.useBlockExamples .charExample .ex {
font-size: 3.3rem;
line-height: 1.2;
}
.useBlockExamples .charExample.inline .ex {
font-size: 1.4rem;
}




85 changes: 43 additions & 42 deletions lisu/lis.html
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Expand Up @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ <h2 class="notoc flush"><a id="tochead" name="tochead" tabindex="4">Contents</a>
</aside>

<p id="status">Updated
<!-- #BeginDate format:Sw1 -->14 November, 2022<!-- #EndDate -->
<!-- #BeginDate format:Sw1 -->21 December, 2022<!-- #EndDate -->
<span id="versionTop"></span>
</p>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -122,18 +122,28 @@ <h2>Usage &amp; history</h2>






<section id="type">
<h2>Basic features</h2>
<p>The script is an <span class="newterm"><a class="termref" href="https://www.unicode.org/glossary/#abugida">abugida</a></span>. Consonants carry an inherent vowel which can be modified by appending vowel-signs to the consonant. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features for the modern Lisu orthography.</p>
<p>The Lisu script combines characteristics of an abugida and an alphabet, in that it uses vowel letters rather than vowel-signs to override the inherent vowel.</p>

<p>The script is an <a class="termref" href="../glossary/index.html#abugida">abugida</a>. Consonants carry an inherent vowel which can be modified by appending vowel signs to the consonant. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features for the modern Lisu orthography.</p>

<p>The Lisu script combines characteristics of an abugida and an alphabet, in that it uses vowel letters rather than vowel signs to override the inherent vowel.</p>

<p>The script is based on a fairly simple syllabic structure.</p>
<p>Many Lisu characters look like Latin characters, but they are not unified. There is <mark>no case distinction</mark>.</p>
<p>Generally, <mark>syllables are separated by spaces</mark>, whether or not they are part of a multisyllabic word, and text is wrapped at spaces regardless of word boundaries. Syllables in proper nouns, however, are separated by <mark>hyphens</mark> and wrapped as a unit.</p>
<p>Lisu has <mark>30 <a href="#consonantLetters">basic consonant letters</a></mark>.</p>
<p>There are<mark> 10 <a href="#vowels">vowel letters</a></mark>, although 3 consonants are also used to represent vowels.</p>
<p>Lisu is tonal and has<mark> 6 <a href="#tones">tone marks</a></mark> (which resemble Latin punctuation). Tones are written at the end of the syllable, using what look like western punctuation marks.</p>
<p>The script is <mark>monocameral</mark>.</p>
<p>Punctuation mixes western and Chinese characters with a couple of Lisu-only characters. <mark>European digits</mark> are used.</p>

<p>Many Lisu characters look like Latin characters, but they are not unified. There is no case distinction.</p>

<p>Generally, syllables are separated by spaces, whether or not they are part of a multisyllabic word, and text is wrapped at spaces regardless of word boundaries. Syllables in proper nouns, however, are separated by hyphens and wrapped as a unit.</p>

<p>Lisu has 30 basic consonant letters. ❯ <a class="secref" title="Read more.">consonants</a></p>

<p>There are 10 vowel letters, although 3 consonants are also used to represent vowels. ❯ <a class="secref" title="Read more.">vowels</a></p>

<p>Lisu is tonal and has 6 tone marks (which resemble Latin punctuation). Tones are written at the end of the syllable, using what look like western punctuation marks. ❯ <a class="secref" title="Read more.">tones</a></p>
<p>Punctuation mixes western and Chinese characters with a couple of Lisu-only characters. ASCII digits are used.</p>
</section>


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -195,7 +205,7 @@ <h3>Punctuation</h3>

<section id="index_punctuation_ascii">
<h4>ASCII</h4>
<figure class="characterBox noindex indexline">?␣!␣‐␣(␣)␣-</figure>
<figure class="characterBox noindex indexline">?␣!␣(␣)␣-</figure>
<figure class="auxiliaryBox noindex indexline">:␣;</figure>
</section>
</details>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -452,7 +462,10 @@ <h2>Vowels</h2>
<h3>Inherent vowel</h3>

<p id="def-independentvowel" class="explanatoryintro definitionStub"></p>
<p><span class="ipa">ɑ</span> following a consonant is not written, but is seen as an inherent part of the consonant letter, so <span class="ipa">kɑ</span> is written by simply using the consonant letter <span class="codepoint noindex" translate="no"><span lang="lis">&#xA4D7;</span> [<a href="/scripts/lisu/block#charA4D7"><span class="uname">U+A4D7 LISU LETTER KA</span></a>]</span>.</p>

<p><span class="ipa">ɑ</span> following a consonant is not written, but is seen as an inherent part of the consonant letter, so <span class="ipa">kɑ</span> is written by simply using the consonant letter.</p>

<p><span class="charExample inline" translate="no"><bdi class="ex" lang="lis" style="font-size:3rem;">&#xA4D7;</bdi> <span class="ipa">ka</span></span> [<a href="/scripts/lisu/block#charA4D7"><span class="uname">U+A4D7 LISU LETTER KA</span></a>]</p>
</section>


Expand All @@ -462,10 +475,13 @@ <h3>Inherent vowel</h3>
<section id="vowelsigns">
<h3>Vowel characters</h3>

<p>Non-inherent vowel sounds that follow a consonant can be represented using <span class="name">vowel-signs</span>, eg. <span class="ipa">ki</span> is written <span class="codepoint noindex" translate="no"><span lang="lis">&#xA4D7;&#xA4F2;</span> [<a href="/scripts/lisu/block#charA4D7"><span class="uname">U+A4D7 LISU LETTER KA</span></a> + <a href="/scripts/lisu/block#charA4F2"><span class="uname">U+A4F2 LISU LETTER I</span></a>]</span>.</p>
<p>Lisu is unusual for an abugida. Normally, abugidas produce a different vowel than the inherent one by attaching vowel-signs to the base consonant. Lisu instead uses a standalone vowel character after the consonant, so it looks very much like an alphabet except where the inherent vowel is used.</p>
<p>Non-inherent vowel sounds that follow a consonant can be represented using vowel signs, eg.</p>

<p><span class="charExample inline" translate="no"><bdi class="ex" lang="lis" style="font-size:3rem;">&#xA4D7;&#xA4F2;</bdi> <span class="ipa">ki</span></span> [<a href="/scripts/lisu/block#charA4D7"><span class="uname">U+A4D7 LISU LETTER KA</span></a> + <a href="/scripts/lisu/block#charA4F2"><span class="uname">U+A4F2 LISU LETTER I</span></a>]</p>

<p>Lisu is unusual for an abugida. Normally, abugidas produce a different vowel than the inherent one by attaching vowel signs to the base consonant. Lisu instead uses ordinary spacing letters after the consonant to represent vowels, so it looks very much like an alphabet except where the inherent vowel is used.</p>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓲ␣ꓵ␣ꓶ␣ꓴ␣ꓰ␣ꓱ␣ꓷ␣ꓳ␣ꓯ␣ꓮ</figure>
<p>Lisu vowel-signs, then, are all ordinary spacing characters that follow the consonant. There are no composite vowels or circumgraphs.</p>
<p>There are no <a class="termref" href="../glossary/index.html#compositevowel">composite vowels</a> or <a class="termref" href="../glossary/index.html#circumgraph">circumgraphs</a>.</p>

</section>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -493,7 +509,7 @@ <h3>Vowel-related modifiers</h3>

<p><span class="codepoint" translate="no"><span lang="lis">&#x02BC;</span> [<a href="/scripts/lisu/block#char02BC"><span class="uname">U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span></a>]</span> is used to indicate nasalisation. </p>
<p><span class="codepoint" translate="no"><span lang="lis">&#x02CD;</span> [<a href="/scripts/lisu/block#char02CD"><span class="uname">U+02CD MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON</span></a>]</span> marks various aspects of verbal forms. It is pronounced <span class="ipa">ɑ</span> with a falling 31 tone, and is written at the end of a syllable.</p>
<p>Neither of the above are encoded in the Unicode Lisu block.</p>
<p>Neither are encoded in the Unicode Lisu block.</p>
</section>
</section>

Expand All @@ -510,7 +526,7 @@ <h2>Tones</h2>


<p>The expected typing and storage position for tone marks is after all other elements in a syllable.</p>
<p>The first four tone letters can be used in combination with the last two to represent certain combination tones. Of the various possibilities, only <span class="charExample" translate="no"><span class="ex" lang="lis">,;</span></span> is still in use; the rest are now rarely seen in China.<tt>u</tt></p>
<p>The first four tone letters can be used in combination with the last two to represent certain combination tones. Of the various possibilities, only the following is still in use; the rest are now rarely seen in China.<tt>u</tt> <span class="charExample" translate="no"><span class="ex" lang="lis">,;</span></span></p>
</section>


Expand All @@ -530,7 +546,11 @@ <h2>Consonants</h2>



<div id="consonant_description"></div>
<div id="consonant_description">
<p>Many Lisu consonants look like Latin characters, but they are not unified.</p>

<p>Lisu has 30 basic consonant letters.</p>
</div>



Expand All @@ -539,41 +559,22 @@ <h2>Consonants</h2>
<section id="basicC">
<h3>Consonant letters</h3>

<p>Many Lisu consonants look like Latin characters, but they are not unified.</p>


<section id="stops">
<h4>Stops</h4>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓑ␣ꓐ␣ꓒ␣ꓔ␣ꓓ␣ꓕ␣ꓗ␣ꓖ␣ꓘ</figure>
</section>


<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓑ␣ꓐ␣ꓔ␣ꓓ␣ꓗ␣ꓖ</figure>

<section id="affricates">
<h4>Affricates</h4>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓝ␣ꓜ␣ꓞ␣ꓚ␣ꓙ␣ꓛ</figure>
</section>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓒ␣ꓕ␣ꓘ</figure>

<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓝ␣ꓜ␣ꓚ␣ꓙ</figure>

<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓞ␣ꓛ</figure>

<section id="fricatives">
<h4>Fricatives</h4>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓩ␣ꓢ␣ꓤ␣ꓣ␣ꓫ␣ꓬ␣ꓧ␣ꓭ␣ꓦ␣ꓨ</figure>
</section>


<section id="nasals">
<h4>Nasals</h4>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓟ␣ꓠ␣ꓥ</figure>
</section>


<section id="sonorants">
<h4>Other sonorants</h4>
<figure class="characterBox auto" data-cols="ipa,trans">ꓪ␣ꓡ</figure>
</section>
</section>
</section>



Expand Down Expand Up @@ -879,7 +880,7 @@ <h3>Baselines, line height, etc.</h3>

<!--p>fig_baselines shows glyphs from Noto Serif fonts. The basic height of Balinese letters is the same as the Latin x-height, however extenders and combining marks, extend well beyond the Latin ascenders and descenders, creating a need for larger line heights.</p>
<p>The Lao characters are generally about the same size as the Latin x-height. <a class="figref">fig_baselines</a> shows glyphs from the Noto Serif fonts. The basic height of Lao letters is just slightly larger than the Latin x-height, however ascenders and vowel signs, especially when accompanied by tone marks, rise well above the Latin ascenders. Below the baseline descenders and vowel-signs stay within the Latin descender depth.</p>
<p>The Lao characters are generally about the same size as the Latin x-height. <a class="figref">fig_baselines</a> shows glyphs from the Noto Serif fonts. The basic height of Lao letters is just slightly larger than the Latin x-height, however ascenders and vowel signs, especially when accompanied by tone marks, rise well above the Latin ascenders. Below the baseline descenders and vowel signs stay within the Latin descender depth.</p>
<figure id="fig_baselines">
<img src="images/fig_baselines.png" alt="qhxໂປງຽເກິ່ກຶ້ກູ" class="ex" lang="lo" data-notes="Noto Serif Lao & Noto Serif 130px" style="max-width: 40rem;">
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