[Core] Expose NodeDeathInfo in state CLI

[ruisearch42]

Why are these changes needed?

This is the 5th (last) PR of a series to better propagate and expose node death information.

This PR does the following:

• Expose NodeDeathInfo in state CLI
• Update NodeDiedError message to direct to the accurate node death info

Related issue number

[1/5] #45128
[2/5] #45357
[3/5] #45320
[4/5] #45497

Sample output

ray list nodes
======== List: 2024-05-31 10:17:06.320697 ========
Stats:
------------------------------
Total: 2

Table:
------------------------------
    NODE_ID                                                   NODE_IP    IS_HEAD_NODE    STATE    STATE_MESSAGE                                                   NODE_NAME    RESOURCES_TOTAL                   LABELS
 0  9e757009998dbdbe546068b7b898af3d34dfa82e89f4854de422ab5f  127.0.0.1  True            ALIVE                                                                    127.0.0.1    CPU: 1.0                          ray.io/node_id: 9e757009998dbdbe546068b7b898af3d34dfa82e89f4854de422ab5f
                                                                                                                                                                               head: 1.0
                                                                                                                                                                               memory: 17.474 GiB
                                                                                                                                                                               node:127.0.0.1: 1.0
                                                                                                                                                                               node:__internal_head__: 1.0
                                                                                                                                                                               object_store_memory: 150.000 MiB
 1  bc74e1484266e0e5b9f0c8c610a07d8dfc0052f46fc3b07fda46220c  127.0.0.1  False           DEAD     Terminated due to idle (no Ray activity): idle for long enough  127.0.0.1    CPU: 1.0                          ray.io/node_id: bc74e1484266e0e5b9f0c8c610a07d8dfc0052f46fc3b07fda46220c
                                                                                                                                                                               memory: 19.238 GiB
                                                                                                                                                                               node:127.0.0.1: 1.0
                                                                                                                                                                               object_store_memory: 150.000 MiB
                                                                                                                                                                               worker: 1.0

ray list nodes --detail
---
-   node_id: 9e757009998dbdbe546068b7b898af3d34dfa82e89f4854de422ab5f
    node_ip: 127.0.0.1
    is_head_node: true
    state: ALIVE
    state_message: null
    node_name: 127.0.0.1
    resources_total:
        object_store_memory: 150.000 MiB
        memory: 17.474 GiB
        node:127.0.0.1: 1.0
        head: 1.0
        CPU: 1.0
        node:__internal_head__: 1.0
    labels:
        ray.io/node_id: 9e757009998dbdbe546068b7b898af3d34dfa82e89f4854de422ab5f
    start_time_ms: '2024-05-31 10:16:51.475000'
    end_time_ms: '1969-12-31 16:00:00'
-   node_id: bc74e1484266e0e5b9f0c8c610a07d8dfc0052f46fc3b07fda46220c
    node_ip: 127.0.0.1
    is_head_node: false
    state: DEAD
    state_message: 'Terminated due to idle (no Ray activity): idle for long enough'
    node_name: 127.0.0.1
    resources_total:
        CPU: 1.0
        object_store_memory: 150.000 MiB
        node:127.0.0.1: 1.0
        memory: 19.238 GiB
        worker: 1.0
    labels:
        ray.io/node_id: bc74e1484266e0e5b9f0c8c610a07d8dfc0052f46fc3b07fda46220c
    start_time_ms: '2024-05-31 10:16:52.014000'
    end_time_ms: '2024-05-31 10:16:53.266000'
...

Also checked dashboard has no regression:

Checks

• I've signed off every commit(by using the -s flag, i.e., git commit -s) in this PR.
• I've run scripts/format.sh to lint the changes in this PR.
• I've included any doc changes needed for https://docs.ray.io/en/master/.
  • I've added any new APIs to the API Reference. For example, if I added a
    method in Tune, I've added it in doc/source/tune/api/ under the
    corresponding .rst file.
• I've made sure the tests are passing. Note that there might be a few flaky tests, see the recent failures at https://flakey-tests.ray.io/
• Testing Strategy
  • Unit tests
  • Release tests
  • This PR is not tested :(

[jjyao]

LGTM pending state tests