Table of Contents
The Python keyring lib provides a easy way to access the system keyring service from python. It can be used in any application that needs safe password storage.
The keyring services supported by the Python keyring lib:
- OSXKeychain: supports the Keychain service in Mac OS X.
- KDEKWallet: supports the KDE's Kwallet service.
- GnomeKeyring: for Gnome 2 environment.
- SecretServiceKeyring: for newer GNOME and KDE environments.
Besides these native password storing services provided by operating systems. Python keyring lib also provides following build-in keyrings.
- Win32CryptoKeyring: for Windows 2k+.
- CryptedFileKeyring: a command line interface keyring base on PyCrypto.
- UncryptedFileKeyring: a keyring which leaves passwords directly in file.
Run easy_install or pip:
$ easy_install keyring $ pip install keyring
Download the source tarball, and uncompress it, then run the install command:
$ wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/k/keyring/keyring-0.3.tar.gz $ tar -xzvf keyring-0.3.tar.gz $ cd keyring-0.3 $ python setup.py install
The python keyring lib contains implementations for several backends, including
OSX Keychain, Gnome Keyring, KDE Kwallet and etc. The lib will
automatically choose the keyring that is most suitable for your current
environment. You can also specify the keyring you like to be used in the config
file or by calling the set_keyring() function.
This section is about how to change your option in the config file.
The configuration of the lib is stored in a file named "keyringrc.cfg". The file can be stored in either of following two paths.
- The working directory of the python
- The home directory for current user
The lib will first look for the config file in the working directory. If no config file exists or the config file cannot be written properly, keyring will reference the config in the home directory.
Beginning with keyring 0.8, the config root is platform specific. To determine where in the home directory the config file (and other data files) are stored, run the following:
python -c "import keyring.util.platform; print(keyring.util.platform.data_root())"
To specify a keyring backend, you need tell the lib the module name of the
backend, such as keyring.backends.OS_X.Keyring. If the backend is not
shipped
with the lib, in another word, is made by you own, you need also tell the lib
the path of your own backend module. The module name should be written after the
default-keyring option, while the module path belongs the keyring-path
option.
Here's a sample config file(The full demo can be accessed in the demo/keyring.py):
[backend] default-keyring=simplekeyring.SimpleKeyring keyring-path=/home/kang/pyworkspace/python-keyring-lib/demo/
The interface for the backend is defined by keyring.backend.KeyringBackend.
By extending this base class and implementing the three functions
supported(), get_password() and set_password(), you can easily create
your own backend for keyring lib.
The usage of the three functions:
supported(self): Return if this backend is supported in current environment. The returned value can be 0, 1 , or -1. 0 means suitable; 1 means recommended and -1 means this backend is not available for current environment.get_password(self, service, username): Return the stored password for theusernameof theservice.set_password(self, service, username, password): Store thepasswordforusernameof theservicein the backend.delete_password(self, service, username): Delete the stored password for theusernameof theservice.
For an instance, there's the source code of the demo mentioned above. It's a simple keyring which stores the password directly in memory.
"""
simplekeyring.py
A simple keyring class for the keyring_demo.py
Created by Kang Zhang on 2009-07-12
"""
from keyring.backend import KeyringBackend
class SimpleKeyring(KeyringBackend):
"""Simple Keyring is a keyring which can store only one
password in memory.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.password = ''
def supported(self):
return 0
def get_password(self, service, username):
return self.password
def set_password(self, service, username, password):
self.password = password
return 0
def delete_password(self, service, username):
self.password = None
Besides setting the backend through the config file, you can also set the
backend to use by calling the api set_keyring(). The backend you passed in
will be used to store the password in your application.
Here's a code snippet from the keyringdemo.py. It shows the usage of
set_keyring()
# define a new keyring class which extends the KeyringBackend
import keyring.backend
class TestKeyring(keyring.backend.KeyringBackend):
"""A test keyring which always outputs same password
"""
def supported(self): return 0
def set_password(self, servicename, username, password): return 0
def get_password(self, servicename, username):
return "password from TestKeyring"
def delete_password(self, servicename, username, password): return 0
# set the keyring for keyring lib
import keyring
keyring.set_keyring(TestKeyring())
# invoke the keyring lib
try:
keyring.set_password("demo-service", "tarek", "passexample")
print "password stored sucessfully"
except keyring.backend.PasswordSetError:
print "failed to store password"
print "password", keyring.get_password("demo-service", "tarek")
The keyring lib has a few functions:
get_keyring(): Return the currently-loaded keyring implementation.get_password(service, username): Returns the password stored in keyring. If the password does not exist, it will return None.set_password(service, username, password): Store the password in the keyring.delete_password(service, username): Delete the password stored in keyring. If the password does not exist, it will raise an exception.
Here's an example of using keyring for application authorization. It can be found in the demo folder of the repository. Note that the faked auth function only returns true when the password equals to the username.
"""
auth_demo.py
Created by Kang Zhang 2009-08-14
"""
import keyring
import getpass
import ConfigParser
def auth(username, password):
"""A faked authorization function.
"""
return username == password
def main():
"""This scrip demos how to use keyring facilite the authorization. The
username is stored in a config named 'auth_demo.cfg'
"""
# config file init
config_file = 'auth_demo.cfg'
config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser({
'username':'',
})
config.read(config_file)
if not config.has_section('auth_demo_login'):
config.add_section('auth_demo_login')
username = config.get('auth_demo_login','username')
password = None
if username != '':
password = keyring.get_password('auth_demo_login', username)
if password == None or not auth(username, password):
while 1:
username = raw_input("Username:\n")
password = getpass.getpass("Password:\n")
if auth(username, password):
break
else:
print "Authorization failed."
# store the username
config.set('auth_demo_login', 'username', username)
config.write(open(config_file, 'w'))
# store the password
keyring.set_password('auth_demo_login', username, password)
# the stuff that needs authorization here
print "Authorization successful."
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Python keyring lib is an open community project and highly welcomes new contributors.
- Repository: http://bitbucket.org/kang/python-keyring-lib/
- Bug Tracker: http://bitbucket.org/kang/python-keyring-lib/issues/
- Mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/python-keyring
Tests are continuously run using Travis-CI.
To run the tests yourself, you'll want keyring installed to some environment in which it can be tested. Three recommended techniques are described below.
Keyring is instrumented with pytest runner. Thus, you may invoke the tests from any supported Python (with distribute installed) using this command:
python setup.py ptr
pytest runner will download any unmet dependencies and run the tests using pytest.
This technique is the one used by the Travis-CI script.
If you want to run the tests under Python 3, you must be sure that you are testing the library after 2to3 got executed. The easiest way to do it would be to use:
python3 setup.py build ptr --addopts "build/lib"
Pytest and Nose are two popular test runners that will discover tests and run them. Unittest2 (also known as simply unittest in Python 3) also has a mode to discover tests.
First, however, these test runners typically need a test environment in which to run. It is recommended that you install keyring to a virtual environment to avoid interfering with your system environment. For more information, see the virtualenv homepage.
After you've created (or designated) your environment, install keyring into the environment by running:
python setup.py develop
Then, invoke your favorite test runner, e.g.:
py.test
or:
nosetests
Keyring supplies a buildout.cfg for use with buildout. If you have buildout installed, tests can be invoked as so:
1. bin/buildout # prepare the buildout. 2. bin/test # execute the test runner.
For more information about the options that the script provides do execute:
python bin/test --help
The project was based on Tarek Ziade's idea in this post. Kang Zhang initially carried it out as a Google Summer of Code project, and Tarek mentored Kang on this project.
See CONTRIBUTORS.txt for a complete list of contributors.