Skip to content

rust-embedded-community/pc-keyboard

pc-keyboard

A simple driver for handling PC keyboards, with both Scancode Set 1 (when running on a PC) and Scancode Set 2 support (when reading a PS/2 keyboard output directly).

Supports:

  • Scancode Set 1 (from the i8042 PC keyboard controller)
  • Scancode Set 2 (direct from the AT or PS/2 interface keyboard)
  • Several keyboard layouts:
Name No. Keys Description Link
Us104Key 101/104 North American standard English Wikipedia
Uk105Key 102/105 United Kingdom standard English Wikipedia
Azerty 102/105 Typically used in French locales Wikipedia
De105Key 102/105 German layout Wikipedia
FiSe105Key 102/105 Finnish/Swedish layout Wikipedia
No105Key 102/105 Norwegian layout Wikipedia
Jis109Key 106/109 JIS 109-key layout (Latin chars only) Wikipedia
Colemak 101/104 A keyboard layout designed to make typing more efficient and comfortable Wikipedia
Dvorak104Key 101/104 The more 'ergonomic' alternative to QWERTY Wikipedia
DVP104Key 101/104 Dvorak for Programmers Wikipedia

101/104 keys is ANSI layout (wide Enter key) and 102/105 keys is ISO layout (tall Enter key). The difference between 101 and 104 (and between 102 and 105) comes from the two Windows keys and the Menu key that were added when Windows 95 came out. JIS keyboards have extra keys, added by making the space-bar and backspace keys shorter.

Usage

There are three basic steps to handling keyboard input. Your application may bypass some of these.

  • Ps2Decoder - converts 11-bit PS/2 words into bytes, removing the start/stop bits and checking the parity bits. Only needed if you talk to the PS/2 keyboard over GPIO pins and not required if you talk to the i8042 PC keyboard controller.
  • ScancodeSet - converts from Scancode Set 1 (i8042 PC keyboard controller) or Scancode Set 2 (raw PS/2 keyboard output) into a symbolic KeyCode and an up/down KeyState.
  • EventDecoder - converts symbolic KeyCode and KeyState into a Unicode characters (where possible) according to the currently selected KeyboardLayout.

There is also Keyboard which combines the above three functions into a single object.

See the examples folder for more details.

Keycodes

This crate uses symbolic keycodes to abstract over Scancode Set 1 and Scancode Set 2. They represented by the KeyCode enum. The scancodes can come from one of three supported keyboards: 102/105 key ISO, 101/104 key ANSI and 106/109-key JIS.

102/105 key ISO

This is the mapping of KeyCode to a 102/105-key ISO keyboard:

┌────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐   ┌────┬────┬────┐
│Esc │  │ F1 │ F2 │ F3 │ F4 │  │ F5 │ F6 │ F7 │ F8 │  │ F9 │F10 │F11 │F12 │   │PrSc│Scrl│PBrk│
└────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘   └────┴────┴────┘

┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬─────────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐
│Oem8│Key1│Key2│Key3│Key4│Key5│Key6│Key7│Key8│Key9│Key0│Oem─│Oem+│Backspace│  │Inse│Home│PgUp│  │NumL│Num/│Num*│Num─│
├────┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬────────┤  ├────┼────┼────┤  ├────┼────┼────┼────┤
│ Tab │ Q  │ W  │ E  │ R  │ T  │ Y  │ U  │ I  │ O  │ P  │Oem4│Oem6│ Enter  │  │Dele│End │PgDo│  │Num7│Num8│Num9│    │
├─────┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┐       │  └────┴────┴────┘  ├────┼────┼────┤Num+│
│CapsLo│ A  │ S  │ D  │ F  │ G  │ H  │ J  │ K  │ L  │Oem1│Oem3│Oem7│       │                    │Num4│Num5│Num6│    │
├────┬─┴───┬┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴────┴───────┤       ┌────┐       ├────┼────┼────┼────┤
│LShf│Oem5 │ Z │ X  │ C  │ V  │ B  │ N  │ M  │OemC│OemP│Oem2│   RShift     │       │ Up │       │Num1│Num2│Num3│    │
├────┴┬────┴┬──┴──┬─┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴───┬┴────┴────┴┬──────┬──────┤  ┌────┼────┼────┐  ├────┴────┼────┤Num │
│LCtrl│LWin │ Alt │       Space                  │AltGr│RWin │ Menu │RCtrl │  │Left│Down│Righ│  │Num0     │NumP│Ente│
└─────┴─────┴─────┴──────────────────────────────┴─────┴─────┴──────┴──────┘  └────┴────┴────┘  └─────────┴────┴────┘

The 102-key is missing LWin, RWin, and Menu.

(Reference: https://kbdlayout.info/KBDUK/scancodes+virtualkeys?arrangement=ISO105)

101/104 key ANSI

This is the mapping of KeyCode to a 101/104-key ANSI keyboard:

┌────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐   ┌────┬────┬────┐
│Esc │  │ F1 │ F2 │ F3 │ F4 │  │ F5 │ F6 │ F7 │ F8 │  │ F9 │F10 │F11 │F12 │   │PrSc│Scrl│PBrk│
└────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘   └────┴────┴────┘

┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬─────────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐
│Oem8│Key1│Key2│Key3│Key4│Key5│Key6│Key7│Key8│Key9│Key0│Oem─│Oem+│Backspace│  │Inse│Home│PgUp│  │NumL│Num/│Num*│Num─│
├────┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬────────┤  ├────+────+────┤  ├────┼────┼────┼────┤
│ Tab │ Q  │ W  │ E  │ R  │ T  │ Y  │ U  │ I  │ O  │ P  │Oem4│Oem6│  Oem7  │  │Dele│End │PgDo│  │Num7│Num8│Num9│    │
├─────┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴────────┤  └────┴────┴────┘  ├────┼────┼────┤Num+│
│CapsLo│ A  │ S  │ D  │ F  │ G  │ H  │ J  │ K  │ L  │Oem1│Oem3│   Enter    │                    │Num4│Num5│Num6│    │
├──────┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴────────────┤       ┌────┐       ├────┼────┼────┼────┤
│ LShift  │ Z  │ X  │ C  │ V  │ B  │ N  │ M  │OemC│OemP│Oem2│   RShift     │       │ Up │       │Num1│Num2│Num3│    │
├─────┬───┴─┬──┴──┬─┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴───┬┴────┴────┴┬──────┬──────┤  ┌────┼────┼────┐  ├────┴────┼────┤Num │
│LCtrl│LWin │ Alt │       Space                  │AltGr│RWin │ Menu │RCtrl │  │Left│Down│Righ│  │Num0     │NumP│Ente│
└─────┴─────┴─────┴──────────────────────────────┴─────┴─────┴──────┴──────┘  └────┴────┴────┘  └─────────┴────┴────┘

Note that the Oem5 key is missing on the 104-key ANSI keyboard.

The 101-key is also missing LWin, RWin, and Menu.

(Reference: https://kbdlayout.info/KBDUK/scancodes+virtualkeys?arrangement=ANSI104)

106/109 key JIS

This is the mapping of KeyCode to a 106/109-key JIS keyboard:

┌────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐   ┌────┬────┬────┐
│Esc │  │ F1 │ F2 │ F3 │ F4 │  │ F5 │ F6 │ F7 │ F8 │  │ F9 │F10 │F11 │F12 │   │PrSc│Scrl│PBrk│
└────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘  └────┴────┴────┴────┘   └────┴────┴────┘

┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┐  ┌────┬────┬────┬────┐
│Oem8│Key1│Key2│Key3│Key4│Key5│Key6│Key7│Key8│Key9│Key0│Oem─│Oem+│Om13│BkSp│  │Inse│Home│PgUp│  │NumL│Num/│Num*│Num─│
├────┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬────────┤  ├────┼────┼────┤  ├────┼────┼────┼────┤
│ Tab │ Q  │ W  │ E  │ R  │ T  │ Y  │ U  │ I  │ O  │ P  │Oem4│Oem6│ Enter  │  │Dele│End │PgDo│  │Num7│Num8│Num9│    │
├─────┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┬───┴┐       │  └────┴────┴────┘  ├────┼────┼────┤Num+│
│CapsLo│ A  │ S  │ D  │ F  │ G  │ H  │ J  │ K  │ L  │Oem1│Oem3│Oem7│       │                    │Num4│Num5│Num6│    │
├──────┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴──┬─┴────┴───────┤       ┌────┐       ├────┼────┼────┼────┤
│LShift   │ Z  │ X  │ C  │ V  │ B  │ N  │ M  │OemC│OemP│Oem2│Oem12 │RShift │       │ Up │       │Num1│Num2│Num3│    │
├─────┬───┴─┬──┴──┬─┴───┬┴────┴────┴────┴────┴┬───┴─┬──┴──┬─┴──┬───┴┬──────┤  ┌────┼────┼────┐  ├────┴────┼────┤Num │
│LCtrl│LWin │LAlt │Oem9 │ Space Bar           │Oem10│Oem11│RWin│Menu│RCtrl │  │Left│Down│Righ│  │Num0     │NumP│Ente│
└─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────────────────────┴─────┴─────┴────┴────┴──────┘  └────┴────┴────┘  └─────────┴────┴────┘

Note that the Oem5 is missing on the 109-key JIS layout, but Oem9 (Muhenkan), Oem10 (Henkan/Zenkouho), Oem11 (Hiragana/Katakana), Oem12 (Backslash) and Oem13 (¥) are added.

The 106-key is missing LWin, RWin, and Menu.

(Reference: https://kbdlayout.info/KBDUK/scancodes+virtualkeys?arrangement=OADG109A)

Conversion Table

Scancode Set 1 and Scancode Set 2 can be losslessly converted. Indeed, this is what the i8042 keyboard controller in your PC does - it takes Scancode Set 2 from the keyboard and provides Scancode Set 1 to the Operating System. This allowed them to change the keyboard design without breaking compatibility with any MS-DOS applications that read raw scancodes from the keyboard.

This table shows the correspondence between our symbolic KeyCode, Scancode Set 1 and Scancode Set 2. We may extend this in the future to also handle USB HID Scancodes. Any codes prefixed 0xE0 or 0xE1 are extended multi-byte scancodes. Typically these are keys that were not on the IBM PC and PC/XT keyboards so they they were added in such a way that if you ignored the 0xE0, you got a reasonable result anyway. For example ArrowLeft is 0xE04B in Scancode Set 1 because Numpad4 is 0x4B and that was the left-arrow key on an IBM PC or PC/XT.

Symbolic Key Scancode Set 1 Scancode Set 2
Escape 0x01 0x76
F1 0x3B 0x05
F2 0x3C 0x06
F3 0x3D 0x04
F4 0x3E 0x0C
F5 0x3F 0x03
F6 0x40 0x0B
F7 0x41 0x83
F8 0x42 0x0A
F9 0x43 0x01
F10 0x44 0x09
F11 0x57 0x78
F12 0x58 0x07
PrintScreen 0xE037 0xE07C
SysRq 0x54 0x7F
ScrollLock 0x46 0x7E
PauseBreak -- --
- -- --
Oem8 0x29 0x0E
Key1 0x02 0x16
Key2 0x03 0x1E
Key3 0x04 0x26
Key4 0x05 0x25
Key5 0x06 0x2E
Key6 0x07 0x36
Key7 0x08 0x3D
Key8 0x09 0x3E
Key9 0x0A 0x46
Key0 0x0B 0x45
OemMinus 0x0C 0x4E
OemPlus 0x0D 0x55
Backspace 0x0E 0x66
Insert 0xE052 0xE070
Home 0xE047 0xE06C
PageUp 0xE049 0xE07D
NumpadLock 0x45 0x77
NumpadDivide 0xE035 0xE04A
NumpadMultiply 0x37 0x7C
NumpadSubtract 0x4A 0x7B
- -- --
Tab 0x0F 0x0D
Q 0x10 0x15
W 0x11 0x1D
E 0x12 0x24
R 0x13 0x2D
T 0x14 0x2C
Y 0x15 0x35
U 0x16 0x3C
I 0x17 0x43
O 0x18 0x44
P 0x19 0x4D
Oem4 0x1A 0x54
Oem6 0x1B 0x5B
Oem5 0x56 0x61
Oem7 0x2B 0x5D
Delete 0xE053 0xE071
End 0xE04F 0xE069
PageDown 0xE051 0xE07A
Numpad7 0x47 0x6C
Numpad8 0x48 0x75
Numpad9 0x49 0x7D
NumpadAdd 0x4E 0x79
- -- --
CapsLock 0x3A 0x58
A 0x1E 0x1C
S 0x1F 0x1B
D 0x20 0x23
F 0x21 0x2B
G 0x22 0x34
H 0x23 0x33
J 0x24 0x3B
K 0x25 0x42
L 0x26 0x4B
Oem1 0x27 0x4C
Oem3 0x28 0x52
Return 0x1C 0x5A
Numpad4 0x4B 0x6B
Numpad5 0x4C 0x73
Numpad6 0x4D 0x74
- -- --
LShift 0x2A 0x12
Z 0x2C 0x1A
X 0x2D 0x22
C 0x2E 0x21
V 0x2F 0x2A
B 0x30 0x32
N 0x31 0x31
M 0x32 0x3A
OemComma 0x33 0x41
OemPeriod 0x34 0x49
Oem2 0x35 0x4A
RShift 0x36 0x59
ArrowUp 0xE048 0xE075
Numpad1 0x4F 0x69
Numpad2 0x50 0x72
Numpad3 0x51 0x7A
NumpadEnter 0xE01C 0xE075
- -- --
LControl 0x1D 0x14
LWin 0xE05B 0xE01F
LAlt 0x38 0x11
Spacebar 0x39 0x29
RAltGr 0xE038 0xE011
RWin 0xE05C 0xE027
Apps 0xE05C 0xE02F
RControl 0xE01D 0xE014
ArrowLeft 0xE04B 0xE06B
ArrowDown 0xE050 0xE072
ArrowRight 0xE04D 0xE074
Numpad0 0x52 0x70
NumpadPeriod 0x53 0x71
- -- --
Oem9 0x7B 0x67
Oem10 0x79 0x64
Oem11 0x70 0x13
Oem12 0x73 0x51
Oem13 0x7D 0x6A
- -- --
PrevTrack 0xE010 0xE015
NextTrack 0xE019 0xE04D
Mute 0xE020 0xE023
Calculator 0xE021 0xE02B
Play 0xE022 0xE034
Stop 0xE024 0xE03B
VolumeDown 0xE02E 0xE021
VolumeUp 0xE030 0xE032
WWWHome 0xE032 0xE03A
TooManyKeys -- 0x00
PowerOnTestOk -- 0xAA
RControl2 0xE11D 0xE114
RAlt2 0xE02A 0xE012

Note 1: PauseBreak does not have a scancode because it's something we infer from a sequence of other keypresses (NumLock with RControl2 held).

Note 2: SysReq doesn't have a key on the diagram, because the scancode is only generated when you do Alt + PrintScreen.

Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV)

This crate is guaranteed to compile on stable Rust 1.61 and up. It might compile with older versions but that may change in any new patch release.

Changelog

There is a changelog in CHANGELOG.md.

License

Licensed under either of

at your option.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you shall be licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

Code of Conduct

Contribution to this crate is organized under the terms of the Rust Code of Conduct, the maintainer of this crate, the Rust Embedded Community, promises to intervene to uphold that code of conduct.