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Propose @P1start's coercision rules
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Ericson2314 committed Feb 22, 2015
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# Summary

It is likely that Rust will want to someday have a notion of an unboxed function type to be used
with custom pointer types.<sup>1</sup> Ideally then today's function pointers would become `&'static`s of
functions. But this is a breaking syntactic change, and unboxed functions can probably not be exposed
by 1.0. This RFC proposals making the needed breaking syntactic change now, so unboxed functions can
be added---and function pointers turned to borrowed pointers---all backwards compatibly in the
future.
with custom pointer types.<sup>1</sup> Ideally then today's function pointers would become
`&'static`s of functions. But this is a breaking syntactic change, and unboxed functions can
probably not be exposed by 1.0. This RFC proposals making the needed breaking changes now, so
unboxed functions can be added---and function pointers turned to borrowed pointers---all backwards
compatibly in the future.

# Motivation

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -41,37 +41,43 @@ function pointers fat, and moreover the sizes of functions are not in-general kn
anyway (c.f. foreign functions).

So if this requires a breaking change to make nice, yet is too big to do before 1.0, what can be
done? My suggestion is simply to simply change the syntax of function pointer types to make clear
they act like `&'statics`. This doesn't force any semantic changes in the future, but opens to door
to reusing `fn(...)...` for unboxed functions by allowing function pointers to silently become
actual `&statics` if/when function types are added in the future. Meanwhile Rust, while slightly
less ergonomic---function pointers are quite rare, is more forthright about its current
expressiveness today.
done? My suggestion is simply to make just the breaking changes now, and leave the rest for later:
change the syntax of function pointer types to make clear they act like `&'statics`, and make it so
that only "borrowed functions" coerce to function pointers. This doesn't force any semantic changes
in the future, but opens to door to reusing `fn(...)...` for unboxed functions by allowing function
pointers to silently become actual `&statics` if/when function types are added in the
future. Meanwhile Rust, while slightly less ergonomic---function pointers are quite rare, is more
forthright about its current expressiveness today.

# Detailed design

Quite simply, change the syntax of function pointer types from
1. Change the syntax of function pointer types from

```rust
('extern' STRING_LIT?)? 'fn' '(' (IDEN ':' TYPE (',' IDEN ':' TYPE)* ','?)? ')' ('->' TYPE)?
```
```rust
('extern' STRING_LIT?)? 'fn' '(' (IDEN ':' TYPE (',' IDEN ':' TYPE)* ','?)? ')' ('->' TYPE)?
```

to
to

```rust
'&' '\'static' ('extern' STRING_LIT?)? 'fn' '(' (IDEN ':' TYPE (',' IDEN ':' TYPE)* ','?)? ')' ('->' TYPE)?
```
```rust
'&' '\'static' ('extern' STRING_LIT?)? 'fn' '(' (IDEN ':' TYPE (',' IDEN ':' TYPE)* ','?)? ')' ('->' TYPE)?
```

Like slices before DST, the `fn(...) ...` itself will not denote a type on its own and need not even
parse.
Like slices before DST, the `fn(...) ...` itself will not denote a type on its own and need not
even parse.

In the future, `fn(...) ...` can be made legal syntax and given semantics, in which case the current
syntax would no longer be its own grammatical production but remain valid, and actually denote the
type of a static, immutable borrowed pointer to a function.
In the future, `fn(...) ...` can be made legal syntax and given semantics, in which case the
current syntax would no longer be its own grammatical production but remain valid, and actually
denote the type of a static, immutable borrowed pointer to a function.

Just as today, function items may have unique function types, but those types won't have a surface
syntax, and expressions (in practice just identifiers/paths) of those types will coerce to function
pointers (see [1]).

2. Change the coercion rules so that values of the secret function types to not coerce to function
pointers, but values of immutably borrowed secret function types do instead.

Just as today, function items may have unique function types, but those types won't have a
surface syntax. This change however brings the coercion rules for functions in line with that for
DSTs, and will prevent what would be a much more auto-referencing if the types of functions were
exposed in the future. [Thanks @P1start for this idea.]

# Drawbacks

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