Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait #62403
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…lper trait Before this change `SliceConcatExt` was an unstable extension trait with stable methods. It was in the libstd prelude, so that its methods could be used on the stable channel. This replaces it with inherent methods, which can be used without any addition to the prelude. Since the methods are stable and very generic (with for example a return type that depends on the types of parameters), an helper trait is still needed. But now that trait does not need to be in scope for the methods to be used. Removing this depedency on the libstd prelude allows the methods to be used in `#![no_std]` crate that use liballoc, which does not have its own implicitly-imported prelude.
SimonSapin
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r? @shepmaster (rust_highfive has picked a reviewer for you, use r? to override) |
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I believe this does not require FCP as it does not affect the set of programs that compile on the stable channel (modulo #15702, which we consider a bug). Still, @rust-lang/libs, what do you think of this approach? We previously discussed this and concluded (#27747 (comment)) that would not help much, but it does now hat liballoc is stable. |
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This seems fine to me, I think. FWIW, it would be nice to stabilize the trait used here at some point, otherwise it becomes impossible to write any methods that might wrap |
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This PR does not propose doing that yet, but the helper trait that doesn’t need to be in scope feels less ugly than the extension trait so I would personally be more open to stabilizing it at some point. (If these methods were not stable I’d propose making them less generic and having separate names for slice-of-strings methods and slice-of-slices methods, without any helper trait. But they are, so we’re stuck with their current API.) |
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@bors: r+ This seems definitely better than the current state due to being more easily documented, and I think it's also fine to cover the stabilization part separately from this! |
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📌 Commit e808d92 has been approved by |
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Centril
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Jul 8, 2019
Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait Before this change `SliceConcatExt` was an unstable extension trait with stable methods. It was in the libstd prelude, so that its methods could be used on the stable channel. This replaces it with inherent methods, which can be used without any addition to the prelude. Since the methods are stable and very generic (with for example a return type that depends on the types of parameters), an helper trait is still needed. But now that trait does not need to be in scope for the methods to be used. Removing this depedency on the libstd prelude allows the methods to be used in `#![no_std]` crate that use liballoc, which does not have its own implicitly-imported prelude.
Centril
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Jul 8, 2019
Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait Before this change `SliceConcatExt` was an unstable extension trait with stable methods. It was in the libstd prelude, so that its methods could be used on the stable channel. This replaces it with inherent methods, which can be used without any addition to the prelude. Since the methods are stable and very generic (with for example a return type that depends on the types of parameters), an helper trait is still needed. But now that trait does not need to be in scope for the methods to be used. Removing this depedency on the libstd prelude allows the methods to be used in `#![no_std]` crate that use liballoc, which does not have its own implicitly-imported prelude.
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Jul 9, 2019
Rollup of 4 pull requests Successful merges: - #61613 (Support `impl Trait` in inlined documentation) - #62090 (typeck: merge opaque type inference logic) - #62403 (Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait) - #62494 (Remove unused dependencies) Failed merges: r? @ghost
Centril
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Jul 9, 2019
Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait Before this change `SliceConcatExt` was an unstable extension trait with stable methods. It was in the libstd prelude, so that its methods could be used on the stable channel. This replaces it with inherent methods, which can be used without any addition to the prelude. Since the methods are stable and very generic (with for example a return type that depends on the types of parameters), an helper trait is still needed. But now that trait does not need to be in scope for the methods to be used. Removing this depedency on the libstd prelude allows the methods to be used in `#![no_std]` crate that use liballoc, which does not have its own implicitly-imported prelude.
Centril
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Jul 9, 2019
Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait Before this change `SliceConcatExt` was an unstable extension trait with stable methods. It was in the libstd prelude, so that its methods could be used on the stable channel. This replaces it with inherent methods, which can be used without any addition to the prelude. Since the methods are stable and very generic (with for example a return type that depends on the types of parameters), an helper trait is still needed. But now that trait does not need to be in scope for the methods to be used. Removing this depedency on the libstd prelude allows the methods to be used in `#![no_std]` crate that use liballoc, which does not have its own implicitly-imported prelude.
bors
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Jul 9, 2019
Rollup of 4 pull requests Successful merges: - #60458 (Add key and value methods to DebugMap) - #62090 (typeck: merge opaque type inference logic) - #62403 (Replace SliceConcatExt trait with inherent methods and SliceConcat helper trait) - #62494 (Remove unused dependencies) Failed merges: r? @ghost
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Jul 10, 2019
Remove SliceConcatExt import rustup rust-lang/rust#62403 cc rust-lang/rust#62347
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Jul 22, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
Centril
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Jul 23, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
Centril
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Jul 24, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
Centril
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Jul 24, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
Centril
added a commit
to Centril/rust
that referenced
this pull request
Jul 24, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
Centril
added a commit
to Centril/rust
that referenced
this pull request
Jul 25, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
Centril
added a commit
to Centril/rust
that referenced
this pull request
Jul 25, 2019
Add joining slices of slices with a slice separator, not just a single item rust-lang#27747 (comment) > It's kinda annoying to be able to join strings with a str (which can have multiple chars), but joining a slice of slices, you can only join with a single element. This turns out to be fixable, with some possible inference regressions. # TL;DR Related trait(s) are unstable and tracked at rust-lang#27747, but the `[T]::join` method that is being extended here is already stable. Example use of the new insta-stable functionality: ```rust let nested: Vec<Vec<Foo>> = /* … */; let separator: &[Foo] = /* … */; // Previously: could only be a single &Foo nested.join(separator) ``` Complete API affected by this PR, after changes: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Item: ?Sized>(&self) -> <Self as Concat<Item>>::Output where Self: Concat<Item> { Concat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator>(&self, sep: Separator) -> <Self as Join<Separator>>::Output where Self: Join<Separator> { Join::join(self, sep) } } // The `Item` parameter is only useful for the the slice-of-slices impl. pub trait Concat<Item: ?Sized> { type Output; fn concat(slice: &Self) -> Self::Output; } pub trait Join<Separator> { type Output; fn join(slice: &Self, sep: Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat<T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ T> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } // New functionality here! impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Join<&'_ [T]> for [V] { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S] { type Output = String; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<&'_ str> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` # Details After rust-lang#62403 but before this PR, the API is: ```rust impl<T> [T] { pub fn concat<Separator: ?Sized>(&self) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::concat(self) } pub fn join<Separator: ?Sized>(&self, sep: &Separator) -> T::Output where T: SliceConcat<Separator> { SliceConcat::join(self, sep) } } pub trait SliceConcat<Separator: ?Sized>: Sized { type Output; fn concat(slice: &[Self]) -> Self::Output; fn join(slice: &[Self], sep: &Separator) -> Self::Output; } impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> SliceConcat<T> for V { type Output = Vec<T>; } impl<S: Borrow<str>> SliceConcat<str> for S { type Output = String; } ``` By adding a trait impl we should be able to accept a slice of `T` as the separator, as an alternative to a single `T` value. In a `some_slice.join(some_separator)` call, trait resolution will pick an impl or the other based on the type of `some_separator`. In `some_slice.concat()` however there is no separator, so this call would become ambiguous. Some regression in type inference or trait resolution may be acceptable on principle, but requiring a turbofish for every single call to `concat` isn’t great. The solution to that is splitting the `SliceConcat` trait into two `Concat` and `Join` traits, one for each eponymous method. Only `Join` would gain a new impl, so that `some_slice.concat()` would not become ambiguous. Now, at the trait level the `Concat` trait does not need a `Separator` parameter anymore. However, simply removing it causes one of the impls not to be accepted anymore: ```rust error[E0207]: the type parameter `T` is not constrained by the impl trait, self type, or predicates --> src/liballoc/slice.rs:608:6 | 608 | impl<T: Clone, V: Borrow<[T]>> Concat for [V] { | ^ unconstrained type parameter ``` This makes sense: if `[V]::concat` is a method that is itself not generic, then its return type (which is the `Concat::Output` associated type) needs to be determined based on solely `V`. And although there is no such type in the standard library, there is nothing stopping another crate from defining a `V` type that implements both `Borrow<[Foo]>` and `Borrow<[Bar]>`. It might not be a good idea, but it’s possible. Both would apply here, and there would be no way to determine `T`. This could be a warning sign that this API is too generic. Perhaps we’d be better off having one less type variable, and only implement `Concat for [&'_ [T]]` and `Concat for [Vec<T>]` etc. However this aspect of `[V]::concat` is already stable, so we’re stuck with it. The solution is to keep a dummy type parameter on the `Concat` trait. That way, if a type has multiple `Borrow<[_]>` impls, it’ll end up with multiple corresponding `Concat<_>` impls. In `impl<S: Borrow<str>> Concat<str> for [S]`, the second occurrence of `str` is not meaningful. It could be any type. As long as there is only once such type with an applicable impl, trait resolution will be appeased without demanding turbofishes. # Joining strings with `char` For symmetry I also tried adding this impl (because why not): ```rust impl<S: Borrow<str>> Join<char> for [S] { type Output = String; } ``` This immediately caused an inference regression in a dependency of rustc: ```rust error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::string::String: std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not satisfied --> /home/simon/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/getopts-0.2.19/src/lib.rs:595:37 | 595 | row.push_str(&desc_rows.join(&desc_sep)); | ^^^^ the trait `std::borrow::Borrow<[std::string::String]>` is not implemented for `std::string::String` | = help: the following implementations were found: <std::string::String as std::borrow::Borrow<str>> = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::slice::Join<&std::string::String>` for `[std::string::String]` ``` In the context of this code, two facts are known: * `desc_rows` is a `Vec<String>` * `desc_sep` is a `String` Previously the first fact alone reduces the resolution of `join` to only one solution, where its argument it expected to be `&str`. Then, `&String` is coerced to `&str`. With the new `Join` impl, the first fact leavs two applicable impls where the separator can be either `&str` or `char`. But `&String` is neither of these things. It appears that possible coercions are not accounted for, in the search for a solution in trait resolution. I have not included this new impl in this PR. It’s still possible to add later, but the `getopts` breakage does not need to block the rest of the PR. And the functionality easy for end-user to duplicate: `slice_of_strings.join(&*char_separator.encode_utf8(&mut [0_u8, 4]))` The `&*` part of that last code snippet is another case of the same issue: `encode_utf8` returns `&mut str` which can be coerced to `&str`, but isn’t when trait resolution is ambiguous.
This was referenced Aug 25, 2019
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Before this change
SliceConcatExtwas an unstable extension trait with stable methods. It was in the libstd prelude, so that its methods could be used on the stable channel.This replaces it with inherent methods, which can be used without any addition to the prelude. Since the methods are stable and very generic (with for example a return type that depends on the types of parameters), an helper trait is still needed. But now that trait does not need to be in scope for the methods to be used.
Removing this depedency on the libstd prelude allows the methods to be used in
#![no_std]crate that use liballoc, which does not have its own implicitly-imported prelude.