Add `std::io::input` simple input function. #75435

sHaDoW-54 · 2020-08-12T02:11:25Z

Condenses the normal input process into one function. This is good for new rust users who don't understand the normal process and for users who don't require special functionality.

Especially with new rust users looking to make small programs, input can be a tricky thing for them to grasp, especially when other languages do this much simpler.

EX:
Python : user_input = input("Enter: ")
Ruby: user_input = gets
C#: user_input = Console.ReadLine();

So this...

use std::io::{stdin,stdout,Write};
let mut s=String::new();
print!("Please enter some text: ");
let _=stdout().flush();
stdin().read_line(&mut s).expect("Did not enter a correct string");
if let Some('\n')=s.chars().next_back() {
    s.pop();
}
if let Some('\r')=s.chars().next_back() {
    s.pop();
}
println!("You typed: {}",s);

Would turn into this...

use std::io::input;
let user_input = input("Please enter some text: ");
println!("You typed: {}", user_input);

rust-highfive · 2020-08-12T02:11:27Z

Thanks for the pull request, and welcome! The Rust team is excited to review your changes, and you should hear from @LukasKalbertodt (or someone else) soon.

If any changes to this PR are deemed necessary, please add them as extra commits. This ensures that the reviewer can see what has changed since they last reviewed the code. Due to the way GitHub handles out-of-date commits, this should also make it reasonably obvious what issues have or haven't been addressed. Large or tricky changes may require several passes of review and changes.

Please see the contribution instructions for more information.

sHaDoW-54 · 2020-08-12T02:15:37Z

Decided to create a new pull request due to my incompetence and inability to fix merge conflicts with :( #74178

LukasKalbertodt

Thanks for submitting this change again! I guess we should close the old PR then?

I left a few inline comments, but I am not quite happy with this function as is, unfortunately :/
(This has little to do with your particular changes, @sHaDoW-54, so please don't take the rest of the comment personally 🙂)

The name input doesn't feel right to me. I would much prefer read_line as suggested here.
I prefer having two methods, one with prompt and one without; passing an empty string really doesn't feel like a good API IMO.
I think we should also think about a function using FromStr to parse the read string into the type that the user expects. This is required in many "beginner situations" (from my experience), including the Guessing Game chapter in the Rust book. This can very well be an additional function, but I think it should factor into the API design.

As I argued in your previous PR, I would prefer seeing an RFC for this API. There has been a lot of "prior art" (both, in external crates and other languages), and the design space is quite large. I think a proper summary would aid discussion a lot. People in the last PR rather disagreed with that, saying that an RFC would be overkill.

The forge currently says:

New unstable features don't need an RFC before they can be merged. If the feature is small, and the design space is straightforward, stabilizing it usually only requires the feature to go through FCP. Sometimes however, you may ask for an RFC before stabilizing.

I don't think "the design space is straightforward", which would imply an FCP is not sufficient for stabilization. We can of course merge it already since it's unstable anyway, but I don't really see the point of that if the API might very well be completely changed.

I would appreciate your feedback (mostly on the meta issue) @rust-lang/libs

library/std/src/lib.rs

library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

Co-authored-by: Lukas Kalbertodt <[email protected]>

trailing whitespace

sHaDoW-54 · 2020-08-13T17:32:23Z

@LukasKalbertodt Is this what you meant with using FromStr?

It allows the user to define the type that the function returns.

fn read_line<T: std::fmt::Display + std::fmt::Debug>(
    prompt: &str,
) -> std::result::Result<T, <T as std::str::FromStr>::Err>
where
    T: std::str::FromStr,
    <T as std::str::FromStr>::Err: std::fmt::Debug,
{
    let stdout = stdout();
    let mut lock = stdout.lock();
    lock.write_all(prompt.as_bytes())
        .expect("failed to write whole buffer");
    lock.flush().expect("failed to flush stdout");
    let mut input = String::new();
    stdin().read_line(&mut input).expect("failed to read stdin");
    input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]).parse::<T>()
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read_line {
    () => {{
        let mut input = String::new();
        match stdin().read_line(&mut input).unwrap() {
            0 => Err(Error::new(
                ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
                "input reached eof unexpectedly",
            )),
            _ => Ok(String::from(input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]))),
        }
    }};
    ($arg1:expr) => {{
        let stdout = stdout();
        let mut lock = stdout.lock();
        lock.write_all($arg1.as_bytes())
            .expect("failed to write whole buffer");
        lock.flush().expect("failed to flush stdout");
        let mut input = String::new();
        match stdin().read_line(&mut input).expect("failed to read stdin") {
            0 => Err(Error::new(
                ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
                "input reached eof unexpectedly",
            )),
            _ => Ok(String::from(input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]))),
        }
    }};
}

sHaDoW-54 · 2020-08-14T04:38:50Z

As Pickfire explained here

A macro such as this, might be best for simplifying the function and allowing the user to specify the type optionally.

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read_line {
    () => {{
        let mut input = String::new();
        match stdin().read_line(&mut input).expect("failed to read stdin") {
            0 => Err(Error::new(
                ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
                "input reached eof unexpectedly",
            )),
            _ => Ok(String::from(input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]))),
        }
    }};
    ($type1:ty) => {{
        let mut input = String::new();
        stdin().read_line(&mut input).expect("failed to read stdin");
        input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]).parse::<$type1>()
    }};
    ($arg1:expr) => {{
        let stdout = stdout();
        let mut lock = stdout.lock();
        lock.write_all($arg1.as_bytes())
            .expect("failed to write whole buffer");
        lock.flush().expect("failed to flush stdout");
        let mut input = String::new();
        match stdin().read_line(&mut input).expect("failed to read stdin") {
            0 => Err(Error::new(
                ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
                "input reached eof unexpectedly",
            )),
            _ => Ok(String::from(input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]))),
        }
    }};
    ($type1:ty,$arg1:expr) => {{
        let stdout = stdout();
        let mut lock = stdout.lock();
        lock.write_all($arg1.as_bytes())
            .expect("failed to write whole buffer");
        lock.flush().expect("failed to flush stdout");
        let mut input = String::new();
        stdin().read_line(&mut input).expect("failed to read stdin");
        input.trim_end_matches(&['\n', '\r'][..]).parse::<$type1>()
    }};
}

Review and suggest any changes before i commit this one.

LukasKalbertodt · 2020-08-25T19:36:01Z

Is this what you meant with using FromStr?

It's close to what I had in mind. There are a couple of design possibilities here. Your code currently panics on IO errors, something we certainly don't want. We could:

Create a new error type enum InputError<P: FromStr> { Io(io::Error), Parse(P::Err) } and return that
Return a parse error as an IO error with ErrorKind::InvalidInput (however, that would add a Error + Send + Sync bound to T::Err ... adding to the already large function signature)

I'm not a fan of the two macro based possibilities you posted. Macros in general could be a path forward, though.

I am still kind of waiting for input on how to proceed with this PR. Maybe I will find the time to write a summary about all possible API designs I can think of, but I won't promise.

LukasKalbertodt · 2020-08-25T21:27:26Z

I found some time and wrote a couple of things about "prior art", including other languages and Rust crates. This PR is probably not the best place to put it, but I figured it could help in this whole discussion.

If there is a bug in my comment, or something can be improved, or I should add something: please tell me (or directly edit this comment if you have the GitHub privileges).

Prior art

(stdout flushing is ignored in all examples)

In other languages

(I am by no means an expert in all these languages. I just picked what I thought was "the main way" to read values from stdin. Mostly by googling "{lang} guessing game".)

C: `scanf`

printf("Your guess: ");
int guess;
scanf("%d", &i);

C++: iostreams

cout << "Your guess: ";
int guess;
cin >> guess;

Java: `Scanner`

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Your guess: ");
input.nextInt();

JavaScript (Node)

const rl = readline.createInterface({
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout
});

rl.question('Your guess: ', (answer) => {
  const guess = parseInt(answer);
  rl.close();
});

(Note though that JS has far better ways for programming beginners to get user input: through the browser. Reading from stdin easily is probably not that much of a priority.)

Python: `input`

guess = int(input("Your guess: "))

Ruby

puts "Enter guess: "
guess = gets.chomp.to_i

(Technically not better than Rust as you have to do everything manually, but it's very short so I included it here.)

Not better than Rust

I know this is somewhat subjective, but these are the language where I feel that their standard libraries or core languages don't offer a way to read values that is better than Rust's current API (prompt, read string, and parse yourself).

C#: Console.Write, Console.ReadLine and parsing
Go:
Haskell: putStr, getLine, read

Rust libraries

`text_io`

print!("Your guess: ");
let guess: i32 = read!();
// or:
let guess;
scan!("{}", guess);

`scan-rules`

print!("Your guess: ");
let_readln!(let guess: u32);

`scan_fmt`

print!("Your guess: ")
let (guess,) = scanln_fmt!("{}", u32)?;

Overview

	Can prompt	Can parse	Can match literal strings	Can read multiple values
C: `scanf`	✗	✔	✔	✔
C++: iostreams	✗	✔	✗	✔
Java: `Scanner`	✗	✔	(✔)	(✔)
JavaScript (Node)	✔	✗	✗?	(✔)
Python: `input`	✔	✗	✗	✗
Ruby	✗	✗	✗	✗
---
crate: `text_io`	✗	✔	✔	✔
crate: `scan_rules`	✗	✔	✔	✔
crate: `scan_fmt`	✗	✔	✔	✔

crlf0710 · 2020-09-12T03:09:18Z

Created a zulip topic https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/219381-t-libs/topic/.60io.3A.3Ainput.60.20function.20.2375435 .

library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

pickfire · 2020-09-13T04:43:10Z

@LukasKalbertodt Just wondering if it is reading as String will the compiler optimize it such that there are no parsing (zero-cost)?

Also, is it worth adding FromStr such that it could be added later since it is just one line ahead? If I am correct, if the user wants String they need do add the type let s: String = input()? but if we remove FromStr logic from this, they could just let s = input()?, but if they want FromStr or digits, it is just one word away, let d = input()?.parse().expect("digit"), I would say having an extra enum InputError probably would not play well with ? for io::Result<()>.

add from str

add extra func

imports

unused import

format

bors · 2020-09-27T07:22:31Z

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #77154) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.

Note that reviewers usually do not review pull requests until merge conflicts are resolved! Once you resolve the conflicts, you should change the labels applied by bors to indicate that your PR is ready for review. Post this as a comment to change the labels:

@rustbot modify labels: +S-waiting-on-review -S-waiting-on-author

merge conflicts

pickfire · 2020-09-28T00:53:09Z

@sHaDoW-54 Can you please move the latest changes in stdio to a second pull request? Also, I wonder why the tests was removed (can comment on the other pull request). At least we can keep this pull request only to std::io::input so reviewing can be easier.

library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

m-ou-se · 2020-09-28T10:42:33Z

library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

+    match stdin().read_line(&mut input)? {
+        0 => Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof, "input reached eof unexpectedly")),
+        _ => {
+            input.pop();


Considering stdin().read_line() does not drop newlines, shouldn't this function keep those in tact as well? Might be a bit confusing that stdin().read_line() gives a line including the newline, and io::read_line() gives one without the newline.

I agree it's probably more useful if it already strips the newline. But I'm worried about the inconsistency between two functions with the same name.

I agree the inconsistency between stdin().read_line() and io::read_line() is concerning, but I think wanting to keep the newline would be in the minority and could be corrected with this snippet of code, perhaps we can avoid confusion by changing the name of the function?

if cfg!(windows) { string.push_str("\r\n"); } else if cfg!(unix) { string.push('\n'); }

could be corrected with this snippet of code

No, that unconditionally adds a \r\n or \n. The original line might or might not end in a newline (e.g. at the end of the stream/file), and might be just a \n on Windows in certain circumstances. This is why the already existing read_line function keeps the newlines, to not throw away any information.

Anyway, I agree that a function that gives a line with the newline stripped is useful. But considering the existing read_line keeps the newlines, this shouldn't have different behaviour while using the same name. (Also, the existing read_line returns Ok for zero bytes of input, while this function returns an Err in that case.)

Is there an RFC for this? It's a bit hard right now to keep track of all the design decisions like the name, newline stripping, the possibility of parsing things, showing a prompt or not, etc. Combined with the previous PR, this has now had 108 commits/versions. Maybe it's better to first agree on the interface/api before implementing it.

That seems like a good plan, i believe it was mentioned in the previous PR that there have been RFC's on this before.

A better choice may be to change the naming to reflect that it does not include the new lines, at least that could solve the problem with naming inconsistency.

But if we keep the line, then people would need to fallback to trim which currently does not return a String in place but &str.

newline remover fix

library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

bors · 2020-10-27T14:04:25Z

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #78227) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.

Note that reviewers usually do not review pull requests until merge conflicts are resolved! Once you resolve the conflicts, you should change the labels applied by bors to indicate that your PR is ready for review. Post this as a comment to change the labels:

@rustbot modify labels: +S-waiting-on-review -S-waiting-on-author

m-ou-se · 2020-11-11T17:22:55Z

Closing this, since (looking at the discussion above and in the last PR) the design of such an api is best discussed first in an RFC.

pickfire · 2020-11-12T02:23:03Z

@sHaDoW-54 Are you interested to take up the task to write an RFC? It could be quite time-consuming but that is the best way to discuss the design of the API.

If not, I could probably try writing it, I wanted to try writing one.

@m-ou-se Do we need to write a pre-RFC first or we can just write a RFC directly?

m-ou-se · 2020-11-12T11:16:43Z

Do we need to write a pre-RFC first or we can just write a RFC directly?

None of these things have strict rules, but I can definitely recommend discussing an RFC for this on the internals forum first.

The main point of an RFC for this feature is to discuss all the design decisions and alternatives and to come to a conclusion which design would work best. A discussion on the forum would be a good way to gather ideas from other users to make sure the RFC is complete.

LukasKalbertodt · 2020-11-12T11:57:10Z

@pickfire I planned to write this RFC myself for many months already but never found the time to actually do it. If you want to, we could work on that together or at least talk about some ideas. But of course, you can also do everything yourself! In any case, I would appreciate a ping via mail or Zulip if/when you start working on it :)

To be honest, at this point, I would probably write an RFC. There have been a couple of pre-RFCs and internal threads about this already AFAIK, so not sure how useful it would be to create another one. (Just my opinion tho)

pickfire · 2020-11-12T16:40:20Z

https://hackmd.io/@G8ZK5BSuQPOxvEQWVZSxng/By2UUacFD/edit I just share the link, in the meantime I will work on that, if anyone have any other ideas or want to improve it can just edit. Thanks to @sHaDoW-54 for keeping up from the old pull request to this new pull requests and tons of review comments.

sHaDoW-54 · 2020-11-15T02:45:12Z

Thank you @pickfire, It is much better than anything I could write.

pickfire · 2020-11-16T16:07:26Z

@LukasKalbertodt @sHaDoW-54 I wrote 3 methods based on the proposals you all wrote (and modified a bit with code from other places) to take inputs, their pros and cons as well as different variations and designs. What do you all think?

https://hackmd.io/@G8ZK5BSuQPOxvEQWVZSxng/By2UUacFD/edit (I got lazy and wrote pros and cons as + and - so best read from text or maybe someone can change it)

After looking at https://github.com/conradkleinespel/rprompt/blob/master/src/lib.rs, I noticed that rprompt have this for beginners but the API there IMHO is not easy to understand by beginners, maybe we could build stdin or something else as a crate? But the main issue is I am not sure if the rust book is able to included external crate for reading input.

After writing the (incomplete - prior arts and maybe something else) proposal, I believe that it may be better to have it as an external crate, but one thing I believe is that the crate should be able to educate users on input, io and buffers which the book and the docs is not able to achieve.

CC @conradkleinespel author of rprompt to try improving the docs a bit to the standard library level by having examples and more details description
CC @estebank an unactionable compiler error message in the RFC beginners may faced not knowing what to do, not sure if this is an existing pull request but I cannot find it, should suggest let name: String = ...

not-my-profile · 2021-11-16T11:17:17Z

I opened the RFC 3196 to propose a simple std::inputln() -> std::io::Result<String> function to facilitate reading lines from stdin for Rust beginners, so that they can build an interactive Rust program without needing to be confronted with mutability and references right away, allowing these concepts to be introduced more gently.

You're of course all more than welcome to comment on my RFC :)

sHaDoW-54 added 4 commits August 11, 2020 21:01

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Add std::io::input simple input function. #74178

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Update library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

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Co-authored-by: Lukas Kalbertodt <[email protected]>

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add extra func

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imports

Update stdio.rs

03d3b6f

unused import

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format

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Remove parsing from Request::param http-rs/tide#709

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voidc mentioned this pull request Oct 23, 2021

[Draft] RFC: Console Input Simplified rust-lang/rfcs#3183

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RFC: Add std::io::inputln() rust-lang/rfcs#3196

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Adding input macro #122934

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Add `std::io::input` simple input function. #75435

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Add std::io::input simple input function. #75435

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Prior art

In other languages

C: scanf

C++: iostreams

Java: Scanner

JavaScript (Node)

Python: input

Ruby

Not better than Rust

Rust libraries

text_io

scan-rules

scan_fmt

Overview

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Add `std::io::input` simple input function. #75435

Add `std::io::input` simple input function. #75435

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C: `scanf`

Java: `Scanner`

Python: `input`

`text_io`

`scan-rules`

`scan_fmt`

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