chore: bump go to use v1.23

[hectorj2f]

I am bumping our go version to use 1.23 so we can solve some CVEs and upgrade our go version to latest.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 33.33333% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 45.92%. Comparing base (6fd19b0) to head (74c3758).
Report is 175 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pkg/signer/tink.go	0.00%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #831      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   52.85%   45.92%   -6.94%     
==========================================
  Files          20       55      +35     
  Lines        1209     2942    +1733     
==========================================
+ Hits          639     1351     +712     
- Misses        509     1451     +942     
- Partials       61      140      +79     

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[cpanato]

please also bump https://github.com/sigstore/timestamp-authority/blob/main/.github/workflows/tests.yaml#L98 to the latest minor, i think it is v1.61