Bump ubuntu from 22.04 to 24.04 #1084

Job	Run time
quicktests	30s
lint	11s
unittests (ubuntu-latest)	1m 19s
unittests (self-hosted, linux, arm64)	2m 18s
coverage	54s
unittests (macos-13)	1m 20s
unittests (self-hosted, macos, arm64)	7m 11s
unittests (windows-latest)	5m 4s
Build postcli (ubuntu-latest)	40s
Build postcli (self-hosted, linux, arm64)	4m 21s
Build postcli (macos-13)	1m 0s
Build postcli (self-hosted, macos, arm64)	29s
Build postcli (windows-latest)	2m 40s
Publish release	0s
	27m 57s

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