ci: add testing against Go 1.23 RC

[tri-adam]

Start building/testing against go1.23-rc in CI. Add patch version to go directive to address Invalid Go toolchain version warning in CodeQL.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 62.59%. Comparing base (d242f61) to head (9ea2328).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #368   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   62.59%   62.59%           
=======================================
  Files          37       37           
  Lines        3240     3240           
=======================================
  Hits         2028     2028           
  Misses       1046     1046           
  Partials      166      166           

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