Rename NaturalTransformation to FunctionK.

core/src/main/scala/cats/arrow/FunctionK.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package cats
+package arrow
+
+import cats.data.{Xor, Coproduct}
+
+trait FunctionK[F[_], G[_]] extends Serializable { self =>
+  def apply[A](fa: F[A]): G[A]
+
+  def compose[E[_]](f: FunctionK[E, F]): FunctionK[E, G] =
+    new FunctionK[E, G] {
+      def apply[A](fa: E[A]): G[A] = self.apply(f(fa))
+    }
+
+  def andThen[H[_]](f: FunctionK[G, H]): FunctionK[F, H] =
+    f.compose(self)
+
+  def or[H[_]](h: FunctionK[H,G]): FunctionK[Coproduct[F, H, ?], G] =
+    new FunctionK[Coproduct[F, H, ?], G] {
+      def apply[A](fa: Coproduct[F, H, A]): G[A] = fa.run match {
+        case Xor.Left(ff) => self(ff)
+        case Xor.Right(gg) => h(gg)
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+object FunctionK {
+  def id[F[_]]: FunctionK[F, F] =
+    new FunctionK[F, F] {
+      def apply[A](fa: F[A]): F[A] = fa
+    }
+}

core/src/main/scala/cats/data/Coproduct.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package cats
 package data
 
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import cats.functor.Contravariant
 
 /** `F` on the left and `G` on the right of [[Xor]].
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ final case class Coproduct[F[_], G[_], A](run: F[A] Xor G[A]) {
    *
    * Example:
    * {{{
-   * scala> import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+   * scala> import cats.arrow.FunctionK
    * scala> import cats.data.Coproduct
    * scala> val listToOption =
-   *      |   new NaturalTransformation[List, Option] {
+   *      |   new FunctionK[List, Option] {
    *      |     def apply[A](fa: List[A]): Option[A] = fa.headOption
    *      |   }
-   * scala> val optionToOption = NaturalTransformation.id[Option]
+   * scala> val optionToOption = FunctionK.id[Option]
    * scala> val cp1: Coproduct[List, Option, Int] = Coproduct.leftc(List(1,2,3))
    * scala> val cp2: Coproduct[List, Option, Int] = Coproduct.rightc(Some(4))
    * scala> cp1.fold(listToOption, optionToOption)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ final case class Coproduct[F[_], G[_], A](run: F[A] Xor G[A]) {
    * res1: Option[Int] = Some(4)
    * }}}
    */
-  def fold[H[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[F, H], g: NaturalTransformation[G, H]): H[A] =
+  def fold[H[_]](f: FunctionK[F, H], g: FunctionK[G, H]): H[A] =
     run.fold(f.apply, g.apply)
 }
 

core/src/main/scala/cats/data/Kleisli.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package cats
 package data
 
-import cats.arrow.{Arrow, Choice, Split, NaturalTransformation}
+import cats.arrow.{Arrow, Choice, Split, FunctionK}
 import cats.functor.{Contravariant, Strong}
 
 /**
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ final case class Kleisli[F[_], A, B](run: A => F[B]) { self =>
   def local[AA](f: AA => A): Kleisli[F, AA, B] =
     Kleisli(f.andThen(run))
 
-  def transform[G[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[F,G]): Kleisli[G, A, B] =
+  def transform[G[_]](f: FunctionK[F,G]): Kleisli[G, A, B] =
     Kleisli(a => f(run(a)))
 
   def lower(implicit F: Applicative[F]): Kleisli[F, A, F[B]] =

core/src/main/scala/cats/package.scala

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import cats.data.Xor
  */
 package object cats {
 
-  type ~>[F[_], G[_]] = arrow.NaturalTransformation[F, G]
-  type <~[F[_], G[_]] = arrow.NaturalTransformation[G, F]
+  type ~>[F[_], G[_]] = arrow.FunctionK[F, G]
 
   type ⊥ = Nothing
   type ⊤ = Any

docs/src/main/tut/freeapplicative.md

@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ at this point. To make our program useful we need to interpret it.
 
 ```tut:silent
 import cats.Id
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import cats.std.function._
 
 // a function that takes a string as input
 type FromString[A] = String => A
 
 val compiler =
-  new NaturalTransformation[ValidationOp, FromString] {
+  new FunctionK[ValidationOp, FromString] {
     def apply[A](fa: ValidationOp[A]): String => A =
       str =>
         fa match {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
 type ParValidator[A] = Kleisli[Future, String, A]
 
 val parCompiler =
-  new NaturalTransformation[ValidationOp, ParValidator] {
+  new FunctionK[ValidationOp, ParValidator] {
     def apply[A](fa: ValidationOp[A]): ParValidator[A] =
       Kleisli { str =>
         fa match {
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ import cats.std.list._
 type Log[A] = Const[List[String], A]
 
 val logCompiler =
-  new NaturalTransformation[ValidationOp, Log] {
+  new FunctionK[ValidationOp, Log] {
     def apply[A](fa: ValidationOp[A]): Log[A] =
       fa match {
         case Size(size) => Const(List(s"size >= $size"))
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ import cats.data.Prod
 type ValidateAndLog[A] = Prod[ParValidator, Log, A]
 
 val prodCompiler =
-  new NaturalTransformation[ValidationOp, ValidateAndLog] {
+  new FunctionK[ValidationOp, ValidateAndLog] {
     def apply[A](fa: ValidationOp[A]): ValidateAndLog[A] = {
       fa match {
         case Size(size) =>

docs/src/main/tut/freemonad.md

@@ -166,14 +166,14 @@ DSL. By itself, this DSL only represents a sequence of operations
 To do this, we will use a *natural transformation* between type
 containers.  Natural transformations go between types like `F[_]` and
 `G[_]` (this particular transformation would be written as
-`NaturalTransformation[F,G]` or as done here using the symbolic
+`FunctionK[F,G]` or as done here using the symbolic
 alternative as `F ~> G`).
 
 In our case, we will use a simple mutable map to represent our key
 value store:
 
 ```tut:silent
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import cats.{Id, ~>}
 import scala.collection.mutable
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ recursive structure by:
 This operation is called `Free.foldMap`:
 
 ```scala
-final def foldMap[M[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[S,M])(M: Monad[M]): M[A] = ...
+final def foldMap[M[_]](f: FunctionK[S,M])(M: Monad[M]): M[A] = ...
 ```
 
 `M` must be a `Monad` to be flattenable (the famous monoid aspect
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ def program(implicit I : Interacts[CatsApp], D : DataSource[CatsApp]): Free[Cats
 }
 ```
 
-Finally we write one interpreter per ADT and combine them with a `NaturalTransformation` to `Coproduct` so they can be
+Finally we write one interpreter per ADT and combine them with a `FunctionK` to `Coproduct` so they can be
 compiled and applied to our `Free` program.
 
 ```tut:invisible

free/src/main/scala/cats/free/Coyoneda.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package cats
 package free
 
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 
 /**
  * The dual view of the Yoneda lemma. Also a free functor on `F`.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ sealed abstract class Coyoneda[F[_], A] extends Serializable { self =>
   final def map[B](f: A => B): Aux[F, B, Pivot] =
     apply(fi)(f compose k)
 
-  final def transform[G[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[F,G]): Aux[G, A, Pivot] =
+  final def transform[G[_]](f: FunctionK[F,G]): Aux[G, A, Pivot] =
     apply(f(fi))(k)
 
 }

free/src/main/scala/cats/free/Free.scala

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ package free
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
 
 import cats.data.Xor, Xor.{Left, Right}
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 
 object Free {
   /**
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ sealed abstract class Free[S[_], A] extends Product with Serializable {
    * Run to completion, mapping the suspension with the given transformation at each step and
    * accumulating into the monad `M`.
    */
-  final def foldMap[M[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[S,M])(implicit M: Monad[M]): M[A] =
+  final def foldMap[M[_]](f: FunctionK[S,M])(implicit M: Monad[M]): M[A] =
     step match {
       case Pure(a) => M.pure(a)
       case Suspend(s) => f(s)
@@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ sealed abstract class Free[S[_], A] extends Product with Serializable {
    * using the given natural transformation.
    * Be careful if your natural transformation is effectful, effects are applied by mapSuspension.
    */
-  final def mapSuspension[T[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[S,T]): Free[T, A] =
+  final def mapSuspension[T[_]](f: FunctionK[S,T]): Free[T, A] =
     foldMap[Free[T, ?]] {
-      new NaturalTransformation[S, Free[T, ?]] {
+      new FunctionK[S, Free[T, ?]] {
         def apply[B](fa: S[B]): Free[T, B] = Suspend(f(fa))
       }
     }(Free.freeMonad)
 
-  final def compile[T[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[S,T]): Free[T, A] = mapSuspension(f)
+  final def compile[T[_]](f: FunctionK[S,T]): Free[T, A] = mapSuspension(f)
 
 }

free/src/main/scala/cats/free/FreeApplicative.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package cats
 package free
 
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import cats.data.Const
 
 /** Applicative Functor for Free */
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ sealed abstract class FreeApplicative[F[_], A] extends Product with Serializable
   /** Interprets/Runs the sequence of operations using the semantics of Applicative G
     * Tail recursive only if G provides tail recursive interpretation (ie G is FreeMonad)
     */
-  final def foldMap[G[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[F,G])(implicit G: Applicative[G]): G[A] =
+  final def foldMap[G[_]](f: FunctionK[F,G])(implicit G: Applicative[G]): G[A] =
     this match {
       case Pure(a) => G.pure(a)
       case Ap(pivot, fn) => G.map2(f(pivot), fn.foldMap(f))((a, g) => g(a))
@@ -37,26 +37,26 @@ sealed abstract class FreeApplicative[F[_], A] extends Product with Serializable
     * Tail recursive only if `F` provides tail recursive interpretation.
     */
   final def fold(implicit F: Applicative[F]): F[A] =
-    foldMap(NaturalTransformation.id[F])
+    foldMap(FunctionK.id[F])
 
   /** Interpret this algebra into another FreeApplicative */
-  final def compile[G[_]](f: NaturalTransformation[F,G]): FA[G, A] =
+  final def compile[G[_]](f: FunctionK[F,G]): FA[G, A] =
     foldMap[FA[G, ?]] {
-      new NaturalTransformation[F, FA[G, ?]] {
+      new FunctionK[F, FA[G, ?]] {
         def apply[B](fa: F[B]): FA[G, B] = lift(f(fa))
       }
     }
 
   /** Interpret this algebra into a Monoid */
-  final def analyze[M:Monoid](f: NaturalTransformation[F,λ[α => M]]): M =
-    foldMap[Const[M, ?]](new (NaturalTransformation[F,Const[M, ?]]) {
+  final def analyze[M:Monoid](f: FunctionK[F,λ[α => M]]): M =
+    foldMap[Const[M, ?]](new (FunctionK[F,Const[M, ?]]) {
       def apply[X](x: F[X]): Const[M,X] = Const(f(x))
     }).getConst
 
   /** Compile this FreeApplicative algebra into a Free algebra. */
   final def monad: Free[F, A] =
     foldMap[Free[F, ?]] {
-      new NaturalTransformation[F, Free[F, ?]] {
+      new FunctionK[F, Free[F, ?]] {
         def apply[B](fa: F[B]): Free[F, B] = Free.liftF(fa)
       }
     }

free/src/test/scala/cats/free/CoyonedaTests.scala

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package cats
 package free
 
 import cats.tests.CatsSuite
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import cats.laws.discipline.{FunctorTests, SerializableTests}
 
 import org.scalacheck.Arbitrary
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class CoyonedaTests extends CatsSuite {
 
   test("transform and run is same as applying natural trans") {
       val nt =
-        new NaturalTransformation[Option, List] {
+        new FunctionK[Option, List] {
           def apply[A](fa: Option[A]): List[A] = fa.toList
         }
       val o = Option("hello")

free/src/test/scala/cats/free/FreeApplicativeTests.scala

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package cats
 package free
 
 import cats.tests.CatsSuite
-import cats.arrow.NaturalTransformation
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import cats.laws.discipline.{CartesianTests, ApplicativeTests, SerializableTests}
 import cats.data.State
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class FreeApplicativeTests extends CatsSuite {
   implicit def freeApplicativeEq[S[_]: Applicative, A](implicit SA: Eq[S[A]]): Eq[FreeApplicative[S, A]] =
     new Eq[FreeApplicative[S, A]] {
       def eqv(a: FreeApplicative[S, A], b: FreeApplicative[S, A]): Boolean = {
-        val nt = NaturalTransformation.id[S]
+        val nt = FunctionK.id[S]
         SA.eqv(a.foldMap(nt), b.foldMap(nt))
       }
     }
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class FreeApplicativeTests extends CatsSuite {
     val x = FreeApplicative.lift[Id, Int](1)
     val y = FreeApplicative.pure[Id, Int](2)
     val f = x.map(i => (j: Int) => i + j)
-    val nt = NaturalTransformation.id[Id]
+    val nt = FunctionK.id[Id]
     val r1 = y.ap(f)
     val r2 = r1.compile(nt)
     r1.foldMap(nt) should === (r2.foldMap(nt))
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class FreeApplicativeTests extends CatsSuite {
     val r1 = y.ap(f)
     val r2 = r1.monad
     val nt =
-      new NaturalTransformation[Id, Id] {
+      new FunctionK[Id, Id] {
         def apply[A](fa: Id[A]): Id[A] = fa
       }
     r1.foldMap(nt) should === (r2.foldMap(nt))
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class FreeApplicativeTests extends CatsSuite {
 
   test("FreeApplicative#analyze") {
     type G[A] = List[Int]
-    val countingNT = new NaturalTransformation[List, G] {
+    val countingNT = new FunctionK[List, G] {
       def apply[A](la: List[A]): G[A] = List(la.length)
     }
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class FreeApplicativeTests extends CatsSuite {
 
     type Tracked[A] = State[String, A]
 
-    val f: NaturalTransformation[Foo,Tracked] = new NaturalTransformation[Foo,Tracked] {
+    val f: FunctionK[Foo,Tracked] = new FunctionK[Foo,Tracked] {
       def apply[A](fa: Foo[A]): Tracked[A] = State[String, A]{ s0 =>
         (s0 + fa.toString + ";", fa.getA)
       }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class FreeApplicativeTests extends CatsSuite {
 
     val z = Apply[Dsl].map2(x, y)((_, _) => ())
 
-    val asString: NaturalTransformation[Id,λ[α => String]] = new NaturalTransformation[Id,λ[α => String]] {
+    val asString: FunctionK[Id,λ[α => String]] = new FunctionK[Id,λ[α => String]] {
       def apply[A](a: A): String = a.toString
     }