Update to tzdata version 2016a.

https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz-announce/2016-January/000035.html

data/CONTRIBUTING

@@ -67,3 +67,7 @@ Git repository.  If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful:
 Please do not create issues or pull requests on GitHub, as the
 proper procedure for proposing and distributing patches is via
 email as illustrated above.
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain.

data/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+With a few exceptions, all files in the tz code and data (including
+this one) are in the public domain.  The exceptions are tzcode's
+date.c, newstrftime.3, and strftime.c, which contain material derived
+from BSD and which use the BSD 3-clause license.

data/NEWS

@@ -1,5 +1,60 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2016a - 2016-01-26 23:28:02 -0800
+
+  Changes affecting future time stamps
+
+    America/Cayman will not observe daylight saving this year after all.
+    Revert our guess that it would.  (Thanks to Matt Johnson.)
+
+    Asia/Chita switches from +0800 to +0900 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00.
+    (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.)
+
+    Asia/Tehran now has DST predictions for the year 2038 and later,
+    to be March 21 00:00 to September 21 00:00.  This is likely better
+    than predicting no DST, albeit off by a day every now and then.
+
+  Changes affecting past and future time stamps
+
+    America/Metlakatla switched from PST all year to AKST/AKDT on
+    2015-11-01 at 02:00.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
+
+    America/Santa_Isabel has been removed, and replaced with a
+    backward compatibility link to America/Tijuana.  Its contents were
+    apparently based on a misreading of Mexican legislation.
+
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    Asia/Karachi's two transition times in 2002 were off by a minute.
+    (Thanks to Matt Johnson.)
+
+  Changes affecting build procedure
+
+    An installer can now combine leap seconds with use of the backzone file,
+    e.g., with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone REDO=posix_right zones'.
+    The old 'make posix_packrat' rule is now marked as obsolescent.
+    (Thanks to Ian Abbott for an initial implementation.)
+
+  Changes affecting documentation and commentary
+
+    A new file LICENSE makes it easier to see that the code and data
+    are mostly public-domain.  (Thanks to James Knight.)  The three
+    non-public-domain files now use the current (3-clause) BSD license
+    instead of older versions of that license.
+
+    tz-link.htm mentions the BDE library (thanks to Andrew Paprocki),
+    CCTZ (thanks to Tim Parenti), TimeJones.com, and has a new section
+    on editing tz source files (with a mention of Sublime zoneinfo,
+    thanks to Gilmore Davidson).
+
+    The Theory and asia files now mention the 2015 book "The Global
+    Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", and cite a couple of reviews.
+
+    The America/Chicago entry now documents the informal use of US
+    central time in Fort Pierre, South Dakota.  (Thanks to Rick
+    McDermid, Matt Johnson, and Steve Jones.)
+
+
 Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700
 
   Changes affecting future time stamps
@@ -26,6 +81,9 @@ Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700
     localtime no longer mishandles America/Anchorage after 2037.
     (Thanks to Bradley White for reporting the bug.)
 
+    On hosts with signed 32-bit time_t, localtime no longer mishandles
+    Pacific/Fiji after 2038-01-16 14:00 UTC.
+
     The localtime module allows the variables 'timezone', 'daylight',
     and 'altzone' to be in common storage shared with other modules,
     and declares them in case the system <time.h> does not.

data/README

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ locations around the globe.  It is updated periodically to reflect
 changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets,
 and daylight-saving rules.
 
-Unless otherwise specified, all files in the tz code and data are in
-the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-The few exceptions are code derived from BSD, which uses the BSD license.
-
 Here is a recipe for acquiring, building, installing, and testing the
 tz distribution on a GNU/Linux or similar host.
 
@@ -59,3 +55,9 @@ None of them are responsible for remaining errors.
 Look in <ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/> for updated versions of these files.
 
 Please send comments or information to [email protected].
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
+Arthur David Olson.  The other files in this distribution are either
+public domain or BSD licensed; see the file LICENSE for details.

data/SOURCE

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 The files in this directory were obtained from the IANA Time Zone Database
-http://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2015g.
+http://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2016a.

data/Theory

@@ -263,7 +263,15 @@ Errors in the tz database arise from many sources:
    be needed if the tz database's scope were extended to cover even
    just the known or guessed history of standard time; for example,
    the current single entry for France would need to split into dozens
-   of entries, perhaps hundreds.
+   of entries, perhaps hundreds.  And in most of the world even this
+   approach would be misleading due to widespread disagreement or
+   indifference about what times should be observed.  In her 2015 book
+   "The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", Vanessa Ogle writes
+   "Outside of Europe and North America there was no system of time
+   zones at all, often not even a stable landscape of mean times,
+   prior to the middle decades of the twentieth century".  See:
+   Timothy Shenk, Booked: A Global History of Time. Dissent 2015-12-17
+   https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanessa-ogle
 
  * Most of the pre-1970 data entries come from unreliable sources, often
    astrology books that lack citations and whose compilers evidently

data/asia

@@ -874,6 +874,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
+
+# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
+# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
+# (2015-12-22):
+# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
+# outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
+# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
+# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
@@ -1084,8 +1093,15 @@ Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+#
+# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
+# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
+# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
+# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
+# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
+Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
@@ -2111,8 +2127,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S

data/backward

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
+Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel
 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
 Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole

data/backzone

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 # This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
 # assumes rules from other files.  In the tz distribution, use
-# 'make posix_packrat' to compile this file.
+# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
 
 # Zones are sorted by zone name.  Each zone is preceded by the
 # name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
@@ -279,6 +279,11 @@ Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
+# Cayman Is
+Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST
+
 # Canada
 Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1946

data/checklinks.awk

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Check links in tz tables.
 
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
 
 BEGIN {
     # Special marker indicating that the name is defined as a Zone.

data/checktab.awk

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Check tz tables for consistency.
 
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
 
 BEGIN {
 	FS = "\t"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ BEGIN {
 		}
 		cc0 = cc
 		if (name2cc[name]) {
-			printf "%s:%d: '%s' and '%s' have the sname name\n", \
+			printf "%s:%d: '%s' and '%s' have the same name\n", \
 				iso_table, iso_NR, name2cc[name], cc \
 				>>"/dev/stderr"
 			status = 1

data/europe

@@ -2593,13 +2593,20 @@ Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
+# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
+# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9.  Effective date will
+# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/000120151230010
+
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT
+			 8:00	-	IRKT	2016 Mar 27  2:00
+			 9:00	-	YAKT
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3154,6 +3161,12 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
+#
+# From BBC News (2015-10-25):
+# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
+# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
+# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
+# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S

data/northamerica

@@ -325,6 +325,16 @@ Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 
+# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
+# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
+# the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
+# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
+# Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
+# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
+# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -481,6 +491,12 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
+# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
+# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
+# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
+# http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
@@ -506,7 +522,8 @@ Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST
+			 -8:00	-	PST	2015 Nov  1  2:00
+			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
@@ -2587,25 +2604,6 @@ Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
-# Baja California (away from US border)
-Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
-			-7:00	-	MST	1924
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
-			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
-			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
-			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1954
-			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
-			-8:00	-	PST	1976
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
@@ -2618,6 +2616,13 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
 # name or contents should be.
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
+# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
+# have come from a misreading of
+# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
+#
+#
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
 
@@ -2692,17 +2697,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-05-15):
-# The Cayman government has decided to introduce DST in 2016, the idea being
-# to keep in sync with New York.  The legislation hasn't passed but the change
-# seems quite likely.  See: Meade B. Cayman 27.
-# http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2015/05/15/clock-ticks-toward-daylight-saving-time-in-cayman
-
-Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	2016
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
+# See America/Panama.
 
 # Costa Rica
 
@@ -3225,6 +3220,7 @@ Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
+Link America/Panama America/Cayman
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.

data/zone.tab

@@ -283,8 +283,7 @@ MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
 MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California state
 MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
 MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
@@ -414,10 +413,10 @@ US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
 US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
 US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska Time - Annette Island
 US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
 US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands