pythongh-119609: Add PyUnicode_Export() function

Add PyUnicode_Export() and PyUnicode_Import() functions to the C API.

Doc/c-api/unicode.rst

@@ -341,6 +341,61 @@ APIs:
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
+.. c:function:: const void* PyUnicode_Export(PyObject *unicode, uint32_t requested_formats, Py_ssize_t *size, uint32_t *format)
+
+   Export the contents of the *unicode* string in one of the requested format
+   *requested_formats*.
+
+   * On success, set *\*size* and *\*format*, and return the contents.
+   * On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``.
+
+   The contents is valid as long as *unicode* is valid.
+
+   The export must be released by :c:func:`PyUnicode_ReleaseExport`.
+
+   *unicode*, *size* and *format* must not be NULL.
+
+   Available formats:
+
+   .. c:namespace:: NULL
+
+   ===================================  ========  ===========================
+   Constant Identifier                  Value  Description
+   ===================================  ========  ===========================
+   .. c:macro:: PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII  ``0x01``  ASCII string (``Py_UCS1*``)
+   .. c:macro:: PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1   ``0x02``  UCS-1 string (``Py_UCS1*``)
+   .. c:macro:: PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2   ``0x04``  UCS-2 string (``Py_UCS2*``)
+   .. c:macro:: PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4   ``0x08``  UCS-4 string (``Py_UCS4*``)
+   .. c:macro:: PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8   ``0x10``  UTF-8 string (``char*``)
+   ===================================  ========  ===========================
+
+   *requested_formats* can be a single format or a combination of the formats
+   in the table above.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnicode_ReleaseExport(PyObject *unicode, const void* data, uint32_t format)
+
+   Release an export created by :c:func:`PyUnicode_Export`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnicode_Import(const void *data, Py_ssize_t size, uint32_t format)
+
+   Import a string from the *format* format.
+
+   * Return a reference to a new string object on success.
+   * Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+   *data* must not be NULL. *size* must be positive or zero.
+
+   See :c:func:`PyUnicode_Export` for the available formats.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+
 .. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(int kind, const void *buffer, \
                                                     Py_ssize_t size)
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst

@@ -298,6 +298,11 @@ New Features
 
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`119182`.)
 
+* Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_Export` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_Import` functions to
+  export and import strings.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`119609`.)
+
+
 Porting to Python 3.14
 ----------------------
 

Include/unicodeobject.h

@@ -248,6 +248,37 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyUnicode_InternFromString(
     const char *u              /* UTF-8 encoded string */
     );
 
+#define PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII 0x01
+#define PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1 0x02
+#define PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2 0x04
+#define PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4 0x08
+#define PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8 0x10
+
+// Get the content of a string in the requested format:
+// - Return the content, set '*size' and '*format' on success.
+// - Set an exception and return NULL on error.
+//
+// The export must be released by PyUnicode_ReleaseExport().
+PyAPI_FUNC(const void*) PyUnicode_Export(
+    PyObject *unicode,
+    uint32_t requested_formats,
+    Py_ssize_t *size,
+    uint32_t *format);
+
+// Release an export created by PyUnicode_Export().
+PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnicode_ReleaseExport(
+    PyObject *unicode,
+    const void* data,
+    uint32_t format);
+
+// Create a string object from a string in the format 'format'.
+// - Return a reference to a new string object on success.
+// - Set an exception and return NULL on error.
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_Import(
+    const void *data,
+    Py_ssize_t size,
+    uint32_t format);
+
 /* --- wchar_t support for platforms which support it --------------------- */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H

Lib/test/test_capi/test_unicode.py

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ class Str(str):
     pass
 
 
+PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII = 0x01
+PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1 = 0x02
+PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2 = 0x04
+PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4 = 0x08
+PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8 = 0x10
+# Invalid native format
+PyUnicode_FORMAT_INVALID = 0x20
+
 class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @support.cpython_only
@@ -1675,6 +1683,124 @@ def test_pep393_utf8_caching_bug(self):
                 # Check that the second call returns the same result
                 self.assertEqual(getargs_s_hash(s), chr(k).encode() * (i + 1))
 
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
+    def test_unicode_export(self):
+        # Test PyUnicode_Export() and PyUnicode_FreeExport()
+        unicode_export = _testlimitedcapi.unicode_export
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            ucs2_enc = 'utf-16le'
+            ucs4_enc = 'utf-32le'
+        else:
+            ucs2_enc = 'utf-16be'
+            ucs4_enc = 'utf-32be'
+
+        # export to the native format
+        formats = (PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII
+                   | PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1
+                   | PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2
+                   | PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("abc", formats),
+                         (b'abc', PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("latin1:\xe9", formats),
+                         (b'latin1:\xe9', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export('ucs2:\u20ac', formats),
+                         ('ucs2:\u20ac'.encode(ucs2_enc),
+                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export('ucs4:\U0010ffff', formats),
+                         ('ucs4:\U0010ffff'.encode(ucs4_enc),
+                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4))
+
+        # export ASCII as UCS1
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("abc", PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1),
+                         (b'abc', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1))
+
+        # always export to UCS4
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("abc", PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4),
+                         ('abc'.encode(ucs4_enc), PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("latin1:\xe9", PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4),
+                         ('latin1:\xe9'.encode(ucs4_enc), PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export('ucs2:\u20ac', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4),
+                         ('ucs2:\u20ac'.encode(ucs4_enc),
+                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export('ucs4:\U0010ffff', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4),
+                         ('ucs4:\U0010ffff'.encode(ucs4_enc),
+                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4))
+
+        # always export to UTF8
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("abc", PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8),
+                         ('abc'.encode('utf8'), PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export("latin1:\xe9", PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8),
+                         ('latin1:\xe9'.encode('utf8'), PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export('ucs2:\u20ac', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8),
+                         ('ucs2:\u20ac'.encode('utf8'),
+                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8))
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_export('ucs4:\U0010ffff', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8),
+                         ('ucs4:\U0010ffff'.encode('utf8'),
+                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8))
+
+        # No supported format or invalid format
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    "unable to find a matching export format"):
+            unicode_export('abc', 0)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
+                                    "unable to find a matching export format"):
+            unicode_export('abc', PyUnicode_FORMAT_INVALID)
+
+    def test_unicode_import(self):
+        # Test PyUnicode_Import()
+        unicode_import = _testlimitedcapi.unicode_import
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            ucs2_enc = 'utf-16le'
+            ucs4_enc = 'utf-32le'
+        else:
+            ucs2_enc = 'utf-16be'
+            ucs4_enc = 'utf-32be'
+
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_import(b'abc', PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII),
+                         "abc")
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_import(b'latin1:\xe9', PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1),
+                         "latin1:\xe9")
+
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_import('ucs2:\u20ac'.encode(ucs2_enc),
+                                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2),
+                         'ucs2:\u20ac')
+
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_import('ucs4:\U0010ffff'.encode(ucs4_enc),
+                                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4),
+                         'ucs4:\U0010ffff')
+
+        text = "abc\xe9\U0010ffff"
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_import(text.encode('utf8'),
+                                          PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8),
+                         text)
+
+        # Empty string
+        for native_format in (
+            PyUnicode_FORMAT_ASCII,
+            PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS1,
+            PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2,
+            PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4,
+            PyUnicode_FORMAT_UTF8,
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(native_format=native_format):
+                self.assertEqual(unicode_import(b'', native_format),
+                                 '')
+
+        # Invalid format
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            unicode_import(b'', PyUnicode_FORMAT_INVALID)
+
+        # Invalid size
+        ucs2 = 'ucs2:\u20ac'.encode(ucs2_enc)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            unicode_import(ucs2[:-1], PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS2)
+        ucs4 = 'ucs4:\U0010ffff'.encode(ucs4_enc)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            unicode_import(ucs4[:-1], PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            unicode_import(ucs4[:-2], PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            unicode_import(ucs4[:-3], PyUnicode_FORMAT_UCS4)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-05-27-17-46-17.gh-issue-119609.kPIx6S.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_Export` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_Import` functions to
+export and import strings. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Misc/stable_abi.toml

@@ -2510,3 +2510,9 @@
 
 [function.Py_TYPE]
     added = '3.14'
+[function.PyUnicode_Export]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyUnicode_ReleaseExport]
+    added = '3.14'
+[function.PyUnicode_Import]
+    added = '3.14'

Modules/_testlimitedcapi/unicode.c

@@ -1837,6 +1837,44 @@ test_string_from_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #undef CHECK_FORMAT_0
 }
 
+
+// Test PyUnicode_Export()
+static PyObject*
+unicode_export(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    unsigned int supported_formats;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OI", &obj, &supported_formats)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    uint32_t format;
+    const void *data = PyUnicode_Export(obj, supported_formats, &size, &format);
+    if (data == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *res = Py_BuildValue("y#I", data, size, (unsigned int)format);
+    PyUnicode_ReleaseExport(obj, data, format);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+// Test PyUnicode_Import()
+static PyObject*
+unicode_import(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const void *data;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    unsigned int format;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y#I", &data, &size, &format)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyUnicode_Import(data, size, format);
+}
+
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"codec_incrementalencoder", codec_incrementalencoder,       METH_VARARGS},
     {"codec_incrementaldecoder", codec_incrementaldecoder,       METH_VARARGS},
@@ -1924,6 +1962,8 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
     {"unicode_format",           unicode_format,                 METH_VARARGS},
     {"unicode_contains",         unicode_contains,               METH_VARARGS},
     {"unicode_isidentifier",     unicode_isidentifier,           METH_O},
+    {"unicode_export",           unicode_export,                 METH_VARARGS},
+    {"unicode_import",           unicode_import,                 METH_VARARGS},
     {NULL},
 };