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refactor(epub33/fxl-a11y/): full markdown
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marcoscaceres committed May 12, 2021
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};//]]>
</script>
</head>
<body>
<section id="abstract">
<p>This document, EPUB Fixed Layout Accessibility, outlines techniques and best practices for producing more accessible fixed layout publications.</p>
</section>

<section id="sotd"></section>
<section id="toc"></section>

<section id="intro">
<h2>Introduction</h2>

<section id="overview">
<h3>Overview</h3>

<p>Fixed Layout publications, or publications where the print layout is preserved in the digital edition, have been around since before EPUB 3.0.1. These publications span a number of genres and types, from comic books, cook books, children's books, and more.</p>

<p>The main motivation behind creating fixed layout publications is the need to preserve the print layout of the book, either because of it's importance to the text (i.e. complex diagrams) or it's artistic purpose (i.e. illustrated text). However, these publications are often partially or completely inaccessible to people with print disabilities.</p>

<p>This note serves to help content authors and publishers try to address some of the common accessibility issues found in fixed layout content, including navigation, reading order, and text alternatives. This document is a companion to [[EPUB-A11Y-11]], specifically for fixed layout publications. All recommendations made in [[EPUB-A11Y-11]], [[EPUB-33]], and [[EPUB-RS-33]] are applied and extended here. </p>
</section>

<section id="limits">
<h3>The Limits of Fixed Layout Accessibility</h3>

<p>Fixed Layout publications present some unique challenges for accessibility. The requirements laid out in [[EPUB-A11Y-11]] recommend [[WCAG2]] AA, but for many use cases in fixed layout, that might not be possible without fundamental changes to the content.</p>

<p>We want to recognize these challenges for content creators, and in this document will outline some techniques for managing these challenges. We encourage content creators to explore the possibilities that digital publications present, even when creating fixed layout publications.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="reading-order">
## Reading Order

"A key concept of EPUB is that an EPUB Publication consists of multiple resources that can be completely navigated and
consumed by a person or program in some specific order." - 1.2.1 Reading Order [[EPUB-OVERVIEW-33]]

Whereas many reflowable publications have an obvious reading order, or logical progression through their content,
fixed-layout publications are often more complex in their design and layout and may consist of multiple readable objects
on the same page.

For viewers of the visual page, the reading order can be inferred by various visual triggers including:

- Size and styles of font used
- Design features such as imagery and coloured backgrounds
- Position on the page top to bottom, left to right (when using left to right page progression)

In addition, there may be additional text and image objects on the fixed-layout page which are not required to be
included in reading order, such as:

- page numbers
- section or chapter headings
- other purely decorative objects


</section>
<section id="alt-text"></section>
<section id="navigation"></section>
<section id="legibility"></section>
<section id="media-overlays"></section>
<section id="tables"></section>
<section id="a11y-metadata"></section>
</body>
<body>
<section id="abstract">
This document, EPUB Fixed Layout Accessibility, outlines techniques and best practices for producing more accessible fixed layout publications.
</section>

<section id="sotd"></section>
<section id="toc"></section>

## Introduction {#intro}

### Overview {#overview}

Fixed Layout publications, or publications where the print layout is preserved in the digital edition, have been around since before EPUB 3.0.1. These publications span a number of genres and types, from comic books, cook books, children's books, and more.

The main motivation behind creating fixed layout publications is the need to preserve the print layout of the book, either because of it's importance to the text (i.e. complex diagrams) or it's artistic purpose (i.e. illustrated text). However, these publications are often partially or completely inaccessible to people with print disabilities.

This note serves to help content authors and publishers try to address some of the common accessibility issues found in fixed layout content, including navigation, reading order, and text alternatives. This document is a companion to [[EPUB-A11Y-11]], specifically for fixed layout publications. All recommendations made in [[EPUB-A11Y-11]], [[EPUB-33]], and [[EPUB-RS-33]] are applied and extended here.

### The Limits of Fixed Layout Accessibility {#limits}

Fixed Layout publications present some unique challenges for accessibility. The requirements laid out in [[EPUB-A11Y-11]] recommend [[WCAG2]] AA, but for many use cases in fixed layout, that might not be possible without fundamental changes to the content.</p>

We want to recognize these challenges for content creators, and in this document will outline some techniques for managing these challenges. We encourage content creators to explore the possibilities that digital publications present, even when creating fixed layout publications.</p>

## Reading Order {#reading-order}

> "A key concept of EPUB is that an EPUB Publication consists of multiple resources that can be completely navigated and
> consumed by a person or program in some specific order." - 1.2.1 Reading Order [[EPUB-OVERVIEW-33]]

Whereas many reflowable publications have an obvious reading order, or logical progression through their content,
fixed-layout publications are often more complex in their design and layout and may consist of multiple readable objects
on the same page.

For viewers of the visual page, the reading order can be inferred by various visual triggers including:

- Size and styles of font used
- Design features such as imagery and coloured backgrounds
- Position on the page top to bottom, left to right (when using left to right page progression)

In addition, there may be additional text and image objects on the fixed-layout page which are not required to be
included in reading order, such as:

- page numbers
- section or chapter headings
- other purely decorative objects

## Alternative text {#alt-text}
TBW

## Navigation {#navigation}
TBW

## Legibility {#legibility}
TBW

## Media overlays {#media-overlays}
TBW

## Tables {#tables}
TBW

## Accessibility metadata {#a11y-metadata}
TBW

</body>
</html>

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