[Fastpath] Support transactions certified through consensus (#19601)

## Description 

The fields in the `CertificateProof::Consensus` variant is chosen to
enhance debuggability (including the transaction's position in the DAG:
round, authority index, transaction index), without unnecessary data
(consensus block digest is excluded).

## Test plan 

CI

---

## Release notes

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that describes the impact of your changes that a user might notice and
any actions they must take to implement updates.

- [ ] Protocol: 
- [ ] Nodes (Validators and Full nodes): 
- [ ] Indexer: 
- [ ] JSON-RPC: 
- [ ] GraphQL: 
- [ ] CLI: 
- [ ] Rust SDK:
- [ ] REST API:

crates/sui-types/src/executable_transaction.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use crate::messages_checkpoint::CheckpointSequenceNumber;
+use crate::messages_consensus::{AuthorityIndex, Round, TransactionIndex};
 use crate::{committee::EpochId, crypto::AuthorityStrongQuorumSignInfo};
 
 use crate::message_envelope::{Envelope, TrustedEnvelope, VerifiedEnvelope};
@@ -23,6 +24,9 @@ pub enum CertificateProof {
     QuorumExecuted(EpochId),
     /// Transaction generated by the system, for example Clock update transaction
     SystemTransaction(EpochId),
+    /// Validity was proven through consensus. Round, authority and transaction index indicate
+    /// the position of the transaction in the consensus DAG for debugging.
+    Consensus(EpochId, Round, AuthorityIndex, TransactionIndex),
 }
 
 impl CertificateProof {
@@ -38,11 +42,21 @@ impl CertificateProof {
         Self::SystemTransaction(epoch)
     }
 
+    pub fn new_from_consensus(
+        epoch: EpochId,
+        round: Round,
+        authority: AuthorityIndex,
+        transaction_index: TransactionIndex,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::Consensus(epoch, round, authority, transaction_index)
+    }
+
     pub fn epoch(&self) -> EpochId {
         match self {
             Self::Checkpoint(epoch, _)
             | Self::QuorumExecuted(epoch)
-            | Self::SystemTransaction(epoch) => *epoch,
+            | Self::SystemTransaction(epoch)
+            | Self::Consensus(epoch, _, _, _) => *epoch,
             Self::Certified(sig) => sig.epoch,
         }
     }
@@ -57,13 +71,6 @@ pub type VerifiedExecutableTransaction = VerifiedEnvelope<SenderSignedData, Cert
 pub type TrustedExecutableTransaction = TrustedEnvelope<SenderSignedData, CertificateProof>;
 
 impl VerifiedExecutableTransaction {
-    pub fn certificate_sig(&self) -> Option<&AuthorityStrongQuorumSignInfo> {
-        match self.auth_sig() {
-            CertificateProof::Certified(sig) => Some(sig),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn gas_budget(&self) -> u64 {
         self.data().transaction_data().gas_budget()
     }

crates/sui-types/src/message_envelope.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use crate::crypto::{
 use crate::error::SuiResult;
 use crate::executable_transaction::CertificateProof;
 use crate::messages_checkpoint::CheckpointSequenceNumber;
+use crate::messages_consensus::{AuthorityIndex, Round, TransactionIndex};
 use crate::transaction::SenderSignedData;
 use fastcrypto::traits::KeyPair;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
@@ -452,6 +453,31 @@ impl<T: Message> VerifiedEnvelope<T, CertificateProof> {
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn new_from_consensus(
+        transaction: VerifiedEnvelope<T, EmptySignInfo>,
+        epoch: EpochId,
+        round: Round,
+        authority: AuthorityIndex,
+        transaction_index: TransactionIndex,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let inner = transaction.into_inner();
+        let Envelope {
+            digest,
+            data,
+            auth_signature: _,
+        } = inner;
+        VerifiedEnvelope::new_unchecked(Envelope {
+            digest,
+            data,
+            auth_signature: CertificateProof::new_from_consensus(
+                epoch,
+                round,
+                authority,
+                transaction_index,
+            ),
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn epoch(&self) -> EpochId {
         self.auth_signature.epoch()
     }

crates/sui-types/src/messages_consensus.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
 use crate::base_types::{AuthorityName, ObjectRef, TransactionDigest};
 use crate::base_types::{ConciseableName, ObjectID, SequenceNumber};
 use crate::digests::ConsensusCommitDigest;
-use crate::messages_checkpoint::{
-    CheckpointSequenceNumber, CheckpointSignatureMessage, CheckpointTimestamp,
-};
+use crate::messages_checkpoint::{CheckpointSequenceNumber, CheckpointSignatureMessage};
 use crate::supported_protocol_versions::{
     Chain, SupportedProtocolVersions, SupportedProtocolVersionsWithHashes,
 };
@@ -24,16 +22,29 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
+/// The index of an authority in the consensus committee.
+/// The value should be the same in Sui committee.
+pub type AuthorityIndex = u32;
+
+/// Consensus round number.
+pub type Round = u32;
+
+/// The index of a transaction in a consensus block.
+pub type TransactionIndex = u16;
+
+/// Non-decreasing timestamp produced by consensus in ms.
+pub type TimestampMs = u64;
+
 /// Only commit_timestamp_ms is passed to the move call currently.
 /// However we include epoch and round to make sure each ConsensusCommitPrologue has a unique tx digest.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ConsensusCommitPrologue {
     /// Epoch of the commit prologue transaction
     pub epoch: u64,
-    /// Consensus round of the commit
+    /// Consensus round of the commit. Using u64 for compatibility.
     pub round: u64,
-    /// Unix timestamp from consensus
-    pub commit_timestamp_ms: CheckpointTimestamp,
+    /// Unix timestamp from consensus commit.
+    pub commit_timestamp_ms: TimestampMs,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -42,8 +53,8 @@ pub struct ConsensusCommitPrologueV2 {
     pub epoch: u64,
     /// Consensus round of the commit
     pub round: u64,
-    /// Unix timestamp from consensus
-    pub commit_timestamp_ms: CheckpointTimestamp,
+    /// Unix timestamp from consensus commit.
+    pub commit_timestamp_ms: TimestampMs,
     /// Digest of consensus output
     pub consensus_commit_digest: ConsensusCommitDigest,
 }
@@ -64,8 +75,8 @@ pub struct ConsensusCommitPrologueV3 {
     /// The sub DAG index of the consensus commit. This field will be populated if there
     /// are multiple consensus commits per round.
     pub sub_dag_index: Option<u64>,
-    /// Unix timestamp from consensus
-    pub commit_timestamp_ms: CheckpointTimestamp,
+    /// Unix timestamp from consensus commit.
+    pub commit_timestamp_ms: TimestampMs,
     /// Digest of consensus output
     pub consensus_commit_digest: ConsensusCommitDigest,
     /// Stores consensus handler determined shared object version assignments.