Fix setup scripts for various Homebrew changes/removals

[jamiesnape]

For anyone looking at this in a few days/weeks when there are numpy issues, the fix is going to be numpy; python_version < "3.0" in setup/mac/binary_distribution/requirements.txt.

Relates #12003.

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This change is 

[jamiesnape]

@drake-jenkins-bot mac-high-sierra-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-experimental-python2-release please
@drake-jenkins-bot mac-mojave-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-experimental-python2-release please

[jamiesnape]

@drake-jenkins-bot mac-high-sierra-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-experimental-python2-release please
@drake-jenkins-bot mac-mojave-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-experimental-python2-release please

[jamiesnape]

Unprovisioned builds passed:

• https://drake-jenkins.csail.mit.edu/job/mac-high-sierra-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-experimental-python2-release/2/
• https://drake-jenkins.csail.mit.edu/job/mac-mojave-unprovisioned-clang-bazel-experimental-python2-release/3/

[jamiesnape]

+@EricCousineau-TRI for review.

[EricCousineau-TRI]

Reviewed 5 of 5 files at r1.
Reviewable status: 2 unresolved discussions, needs at least two assigned reviewers, commits need curation (https://drake.mit.edu/reviewable.html#curated-commits) (waiting on @jamiesnape)

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setup/mac/binary_distribution/Brewfile, line 30 at r1 (raw file):

brew 'zeromq'

cask 'adoptopenjdk' unless system '/usr/libexec/java_home --version 1.8+ --failfast &> /dev/null'

nit Can you state why this is being used instead of java?

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setup/mac/binary_distribution/requirements.txt, line 3 at r1 (raw file):

lxml
matplotlib
protobuf; python_version < "3.0"

nit Is it possible to briefly explain why this is necessary?
e.g. "Homebrew no longer provides Python 2 version."

[EricCousineau-TRI]

FTR NumPy fixes will need to come in later; comments may be added in then (per f2f).