[backport/v0.41.x]: fix: bind values from env variables to flags

docs/core/cli.md

@@ -108,6 +108,24 @@ Flags are added to commands directly (generally in the [module's CLI file](../bu
 
 +++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/v0.40.0/simapp/simd/cmd/root.go#L118
 
+## Environment variables
+
+Each flag is bound to it's respecteve named environment variable. Then name of the environment variable consist of two parts - capital case `basename` followed by flag name of the flag. `-` must be substituted with `_`. For example flag `--home` for application with basename `GAIA` is bound to `GAIA_HOME`. It allows to reduce amount of flags typed for routine operations. For example instead of:
+```sh
+gaia --home=./ --node=<node address> --chain-id="testchain-1" --keyring-backend=test tx ... --from=<key name>
+```
+this will be more convinient:
+```sh
+# define env variables in .env, .envrc etc
+GAIA_HOME=<path to home>
+GAIA_NODE=<node address>
+GAIA_CHAIN_ID="testchain-1"
+GAIA_KEYRING_BACKEND="test"
+
+# and later just use
+gaia tx ... --from=<key name>
+```
+
 ## Configurations
 
 It is vital that the root command of an application uses `PersistentPreRun()` cobra command property for executing the command, so all child commands have access to the server and client contexts. These contexts are set as their default values initially and maybe modified, scoped to the command, in their respective `PersistentPreRun()` functions. Note that the `client.Context` is typically pre-populated with "default" values that may be useful for all commands to inherit and override if necessary.

server/util.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 	tmcfg "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config"
 	tmlog "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/log"
@@ -63,6 +64,37 @@ func NewContext(v *viper.Viper, config *tmcfg.Config, logger tmlog.Logger) *Cont
 	return &Context{v, config, logger}
 }
 
+func bindFlags(basename string, cmd *cobra.Command, v *viper.Viper) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		recover()
+	}()
+
+	cmd.Flags().VisitAll(func(f *pflag.Flag) {
+		// Environment variables can't have dashes in them, so bind them to their equivalent
+		// keys with underscores, e.g. --favorite-color to STING_FAVORITE_COLOR
+		err = v.BindEnv(f.Name, fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", basename, strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(f.Name, "-", "_"))))
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		err = v.BindPFlag(f.Name, f)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		// Apply the viper config value to the flag when the flag is not set and viper has a value
+		if !f.Changed && v.IsSet(f.Name) {
+			val := v.Get(f.Name)
+			err = cmd.Flags().Set(f.Name, fmt.Sprintf("%v", val))
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	return
+}
+
 // InterceptConfigsPreRunHandler performs a pre-run function for the root daemon
 // application command. It will create a Viper literal and a default server
 // Context. The server Tendermint configuration will either be read and parsed
@@ -98,6 +130,9 @@ func InterceptConfigsPreRunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 
 	// return value is a tendermint configuration object
 	serverCtx.Config = config
+	if err = bindFlags(basename, cmd, serverCtx.Viper); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	var logWriter io.Writer
 	if strings.ToLower(serverCtx.Viper.GetString(flags.FlagLogFormat)) == tmcfg.LogFormatPlain {