sampling: require a default policy

beater/beater.go

@@ -199,14 +199,17 @@ func (bt *beater) start(ctx context.Context, cancelContext context.CancelFunc, b
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		bt.stopServer = func() {
-			defer close(done)
-			defer closeTracer()
 			if bt.config.ShutdownTimeout > 0 {
 				time.AfterFunc(bt.config.ShutdownTimeout, cancelContext)
 			}
 			s.Stop()
 		}
 		s.Start()
+		go func() {
+			defer close(done)
+			defer closeTracer()
+			s.Wait()
+		}()
 	}
 	return done, nil
 }
@@ -316,11 +319,18 @@ func (s *serverRunner) String() string {
 	return "APMServer"
 }
 
+// Stop stops the server.
 func (s *serverRunner) Stop() {
 	s.stopOnce.Do(s.cancelRunServerContext)
+	s.Wait()
+}
+
+// Wait waits for the server to stop.
+func (s *serverRunner) Wait() {
 	s.wg.Wait()
 }
 
+// Start starts the server.
 func (s *serverRunner) Start() {
 	s.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {

beater/config/config_test.go

@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ func TestUnpackConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"sampling.keep_unsampled":                  false,
 				"sampling.tail": map[string]interface{}{
 					"enabled":           true,
+					"policies":          []map[string]interface{}{{"sample_rate": 0.5}},
 					"interval":          "2m",
 					"ingest_rate_decay": 1.0,
 				},
@@ -371,6 +372,7 @@ func TestUnpackConfig(t *testing.T) {
 					KeepUnsampled: false,
 					Tail: &TailSamplingConfig{
 						Enabled:               true,
+						Policies:              []TailSamplingPolicy{{SampleRate: 0.5}},
 						ESConfig:              elasticsearch.DefaultConfig(),
 						Interval:              2 * time.Minute,
 						IngestRateDecayFactor: 1.0,
@@ -564,7 +566,7 @@ func TestAgentConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNewConfig_ESConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	ucfg, err := common.NewConfigFrom(`{"rum.enabled":true,"api_key.enabled":true,"sampling.tail.enabled":true}`)
+	ucfg, err := common.NewConfigFrom(`{"rum.enabled":true,"api_key.enabled":true,"sampling.tail.policies":[{"sample_rate": 0.5}]}`)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// no es config given

beater/config/sampling.go

@@ -41,7 +41,12 @@ type SamplingConfig struct {
 type TailSamplingConfig struct {
 	Enabled bool `config:"enabled"`
 
-	Policies              []TailSamplingPolicy  `config:"policies"`
+	// Policies holds tail-sampling policies.
+	//
+	// Policies must include at least one policy that matches all traces, to ensure
+	// that dropping non-matching traces is intentional.
+	Policies []TailSamplingPolicy `config:"policies"`
+
 	ESConfig              *elasticsearch.Config `config:"elasticsearch"`
 	Interval              time.Duration         `config:"interval" validate:"min=1s"`
 	IngestRateDecayFactor float64               `config:"ingest_rate_decay" validate:"min=0, max=1"`
@@ -76,8 +81,30 @@ func (c *TailSamplingConfig) Unpack(in *common.Config) error {
 	if err := in.Unpack(&cfg); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "error unpacking tail sampling config")
 	}
+	cfg.Enabled = in.Enabled()
 	*c = TailSamplingConfig(cfg)
 	c.esConfigured = in.HasField("elasticsearch")
+	return errors.Wrap(c.Validate(), "invalid tail sampling config")
+}
+
+func (c *TailSamplingConfig) Validate() error {
+	if !c.Enabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(c.Policies) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no policies specified")
+	}
+	var anyDefaultPolicy bool
+	for _, policy := range c.Policies {
+		if policy == (TailSamplingPolicy{SampleRate: policy.SampleRate}) {
+			// We have at least one default policy.
+			anyDefaultPolicy = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !anyDefaultPolicy {
+		return errors.New("no default (empty criteria) policy specified")
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 

beater/config/sampling_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one or more contributor
+// license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+// this work for additional information regarding copyright
+// ownership. Elasticsearch B.V. licenses this file to you under
+// the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+// not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/elastic/beats/v7/libbeat/common"
+)
+
+func TestSamplingPoliciesValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("MinimallyValid", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := NewConfig(common.MustNewConfigFrom(map[string]interface{}{
+			"sampling.tail.policies": []map[string]interface{}{{
+				"sample_rate": 0.5,
+			}},
+		}), nil)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+	t.Run("NoPolicies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := NewConfig(common.MustNewConfigFrom(map[string]interface{}{
+			"sampling.tail.enabled": true,
+		}), nil)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "Error processing configuration: invalid tail sampling config: no policies specified accessing 'sampling.tail'")
+	})
+	t.Run("NoDefaultPolicies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := NewConfig(common.MustNewConfigFrom(map[string]interface{}{
+			"sampling.tail.policies": []map[string]interface{}{{
+				"service.name": "foo",
+				"sample_rate":  0.5,
+			}},
+		}), nil)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "Error processing configuration: invalid tail sampling config: no default (empty criteria) policy specified accessing 'sampling.tail'")
+	})
+}

changelogs/head.asciidoc

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ https://github.com/elastic/apm-server/compare/7.11\...master[View commits]
 * OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) over gRPC is now supported on the standard endpoint (8200) {pull}4677[4677]
 * Add initial support for APM central config and sourcemaps when running under Fleet {pull}4670[4670]
 * Data stream and ILM policy for tail-based sampling {pull}4707[4707]
+* When tail-sampling is enabled, a default policy must be defined {pull}4729[4729]
 
 [float]
 ==== Deprecated

x-pack/apm-server/sampling/config.go

@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ type LocalSamplingConfig struct {
 	// Policies holds local tail-sampling policies. Policies are matched in the
 	// order provided. Policies should therefore be ordered from most to least
 	// specific.
+	//
+	// Policies must include at least one policy that matches all traces, to ensure
+	// that dropping non-matching traces is intentional.
 	Policies []Policy
 
 	// IngestRateDecayFactor holds the ingest rate decay factor, used for calculating
@@ -173,10 +176,17 @@ func (config LocalSamplingConfig) validate() error {
 	if len(config.Policies) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("Policies unspecified")
 	}
+	var anyDefaultPolicy bool
 	for i, policy := range config.Policies {
 		if err := policy.validate(); err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Policy %d invalid", i)
 		}
+		if policy.PolicyCriteria == (PolicyCriteria{}) {
+			anyDefaultPolicy = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !anyDefaultPolicy {
+		return errors.New("Policies does not contain a default (empty criteria) policy")
 	}
 	if config.IngestRateDecayFactor <= 0 || config.IngestRateDecayFactor > 1 {
 		return errors.New("IngestRateDecayFactor unspecified or out of range (0,1]")

x-pack/apm-server/sampling/config_test.go

@@ -38,7 +38,11 @@ func TestNewProcessorConfigInvalid(t *testing.T) {
 	config.MaxDynamicServices = 1
 
 	assertInvalidConfigError("invalid local sampling config: Policies unspecified")
-	config.Policies = []sampling.Policy{{}}
+	config.Policies = []sampling.Policy{{
+		PolicyCriteria: sampling.PolicyCriteria{ServiceName: "foo"},
+	}}
+	assertInvalidConfigError("invalid local sampling config: Policies does not contain a default (empty criteria) policy")
+	config.Policies[0].PolicyCriteria = sampling.PolicyCriteria{}
 	for _, invalid := range []float64{-1, 1.0, 2.0} {
 		config.Policies[0].SampleRate = invalid
 		assertInvalidConfigError("invalid local sampling config: Policy 0 invalid: SampleRate unspecified or out of range [0,1)")

x-pack/apm-server/sampling/processor_test.go

@@ -292,6 +292,9 @@ func TestProcessLocalTailSamplingPolicyOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	}, {
 		PolicyCriteria: sampling.PolicyCriteria{ServiceName: "service_name"},
 		SampleRate:     0.1,
+	}, {
+		PolicyCriteria: sampling.PolicyCriteria{},
+		SampleRate:     0,
 	}}
 	config.FlushInterval = 10 * time.Millisecond
 	published := make(chan string)