[fast-double-parser] Add the Fast Double Parser port

[dsmith111]

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
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[MonicaLiu0311]

The usage test passed on x64-windows (header files found):

fast-double-parser is header-only and can be used from CMake via:

  find_path(FAST_DOUBLE_PARSER_INCLUDE_DIRS "fast_double_parser.h")
  target_include_directories(main PRIVATE ${FAST_DOUBLE_PARSER_INCLUDE_DIRS})

[MonicaLiu0311]

One question: 0.7.0 was released in 2022, why not just update to 0.8.0, which is the lastest version.

[dsmith111]

See the mentioned PR. I was asked to devendor the lightgbm port. The LightGBM package is pinned to this version of fast double parser. But, when the LightGBM library is updated to use the v0.8.0 fast double parser library. I'll of course have to update the version here.

[dsmith111]

For ubiquity:

#39395 (comment)

https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/tree/master/external_libs

[BillyONeal]

Thanks!