V2 - uses precise calculation for node.js, and separate implementation for the browser.

.gitignore

@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ npm-debug.log
 node_modules
 .idea
 .vscode
+
+.nyc_output
+coverage.lcov

.travis.yml

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ node_js:
   - v12
   - v13
   - v14
+  - v16

README.md

@@ -1,20 +1,32 @@
 ## object-sizeof
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/miktam/sizeof.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/miktam/sizeof) [![Dependency Status](https://david-dm.org/miktam/sizeof.svg)](https://david-dm.org/miktam/sizeof)
-[![FOSSA Status](https://app.fossa.io/api/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fmiktam%2Fsizeof.svg?type=shield)](https://app.fossa.io/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fmiktam%2Fsizeof?ref=badge_shield)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/miktam/sizeof.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/miktam/sizeof) ![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/miktam/sizeof) [![NPM](https://img.shields.io/npm/dy/object-sizeof)](https://img.shields.io/npm/dy/object-sizeof) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/miktam/sizeof/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?token=qPHxmWpC1K)](https://codecov.io/gh/miktam/sizeof)
+
+### Get size of a JavaScript object in Bytes - version 2.x
+
+New version uses the Buffer.from(objectToString) method to convert the string representation of the object to a buffer and then it uses the byteLength property to obtain the size of the buffer in bytes.
+Note that this method only work in Node.js environment.
+
+For everything else, the calculation takes an object as an argument and uses a combination of recursion and a stack to iterate through all of its properties, adding up the number of bytes for each data type it encounters.
 
-[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/object-sizeof.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/object-sizeof/)
+Please note that this function will not work on all cases, specially when dealing with complex data structures or when the object contains functions.
 
-### Get size of a JavaScript object in Bytes
+### Coding standards
 
-JavaScript does not provide sizeof (like in C), and programmer does not need to care about memory allocation/deallocation. 
+Project uses [JavaScript Standard Style](https://standardjs.com/).
+Code coverage reports done using Codecov.io.
 
-However, according to [ECMAScript Language Specification](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/), each String value is represented by 16-bit unsigned integer, Number uses  the double-precision 64-bit format IEEE 754 values including the special "Not-a-Number" (NaN) values, positive infinity, and negative infinity.
+### Get size of a JavaScript object in Bytes - version 1.x
 
-Having this knowledge, the module calculates how much memory object will allocate. 
+JavaScript does not provide sizeof (like in C), and programmer does not need to care about memory allocation/deallocation.
+
+However, according to [ECMAScript Language Specification](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/), each String value is represented by 16-bit unsigned integer, Number uses the double-precision 64-bit format IEEE 754 values including the special "Not-a-Number" (NaN) values, positive infinity, and negative infinity.
+
+Having this knowledge, the module calculates how much memory object will allocate.
 
 ### Limitations
-Please note, that V8 which compiles the JavaScript into native machine code, is not taken into account, as the compiled code is additionally heavily optimized. 
+
+Please note, that V8 which compiles the JavaScript into native machine code, is not taken into account, as the compiled code is additionally heavily optimized.
 
 ### Installation
 
@@ -25,45 +37,45 @@ Please note, that V8 which compiles the JavaScript into native machine code, is
 #### ES5
 
 ```javascript
-  var sizeof = require('object-sizeof')
-
-  // 2B per character, 6 chars total => 12B
-  console.log(sizeof({abc: 'def'}))
-
-  // 8B for Number => 8B
-  console.log(sizeof(12345))
-
-  var param = { 
-    'a': 1, 
-    'b': 2, 
-    'c': {
-      'd': 4
-    }
+var sizeof = require('object-sizeof')
+
+// 2B per character, 6 chars total => 12B
+console.log(sizeof({ abc: 'def' }))
+
+// 8B for Number => 8B
+console.log(sizeof(12345))
+
+var param = {
+  a: 1,
+  b: 2,
+  c: {
+    d: 4
   }
-  // 4 one two-bytes char strings and 3 eighth-bytes numbers => 32B
-  console.log(sizeof(param))
+}
+// 4 one two-bytes char strings and 3 eighth-bytes numbers => 32B
+console.log(sizeof(param))
 ```
 
 #### ES6
 
 ```javascript
-  import sizeof from 'object-sizeof'
-
-  // 2B per character, 6 chars total => 12B
-  console.log(sizeof({abc: 'def'}))
-
-  // 8B for Number => 8B
-  console.log(sizeof(12345))
-
-  const param = { 
-    'a': 1, 
-    'b': 2, 
-    'c': {
-      'd': 4
-    }
+import sizeof from 'object-sizeof'
+
+// 2B per character, 6 chars total => 12B
+console.log(sizeof({ abc: 'def' }))
+
+// 8B for Number => 8B
+console.log(sizeof(12345))
+
+const param = {
+  a: 1,
+  b: 2,
+  c: {
+    d: 4
   }
-  // 4 one two-bytes char strings and 3 eighth-bytes numbers => 32B
-  console.log(sizeof(param))
+}
+// 4 one two-bytes char strings and 3 eighth-bytes numbers => 32B
+console.log(sizeof(param))
 ```
 
 ### Licence
@@ -72,4 +84,4 @@ The MIT License (MIT)
 
 Copyright (c) 2015, Andrei Karpushonak aka @miktam
 
-[![FOSSA Status](https://app.fossa.io/api/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fmiktam%2Fsizeof.svg?type=large)](https://app.fossa.io/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fmiktam%2Fsizeof?ref=badge_large)
+[![FOSSA Status](https://app.fossa.io/api/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fmiktam%2Fsizeof.svg?type=shield)](https://app.fossa.io/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fmiktam%2Fsizeof?ref=badge_shield)

byte_size.js

@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@
 module.exports = {
   STRING: 2,
   BOOLEAN: 4,
+  BYTES: 4,
   NUMBER: 8
 }

index.js

@@ -2,17 +2,20 @@
 
 'use strict'
 
-var ECMA_SIZES = require('./byte_size')
-var Buffer = require('buffer/').Buffer
+const ECMA_SIZES = require('./byte_size')
+const Buffer = require('buffer/').Buffer
 
-function allProperties(obj) {
+const isNodePlatform =
+  typeof process === 'object' && typeof require === 'function'
+
+function allProperties (obj) {
   const stringProperties = []
-  for (var prop in obj) { 
-      stringProperties.push(prop)
+  for (const prop in obj) {
+    stringProperties.push(prop)
   }
   if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {
-      var symbolProperties = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj)
-      Array.prototype.push.apply(stringProperties, symbolProperties)
+    const symbolProperties = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj)
+    Array.prototype.push.apply(stringProperties, symbolProperties)
   }
   return stringProperties
 }
@@ -22,10 +25,10 @@ function sizeOfObject (seen, object) {
     return 0
   }
 
-  var bytes = 0
-  var properties = allProperties(object)
-  for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
-    var key = properties[i]
+  let bytes = 0
+  const properties = allProperties(object)
+  for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
+    const key = properties[i]
     // Do not recalculate circular references
     if (typeof object[key] === 'object' && object[key] !== null) {
       if (seen.has(object[key])) {
@@ -50,22 +53,28 @@ function sizeOfObject (seen, object) {
 }
 
 function getCalculator (seen) {
-  return function calculator(object) {
+  return function calculator (object) {
     if (Buffer.isBuffer(object)) {
       return object.length
     }
 
-    var objectType = typeof (object)
+    const objectType = typeof object
     switch (objectType) {
       case 'string':
-        return object.length * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
+        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68789144/how-much-memory-do-v8-take-to-store-a-string/68791382#68791382
+        return isNodePlatform
+          ? 12 + 4 * Math.ceil(object.length / 4)
+          : object.length * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
       case 'boolean':
         return ECMA_SIZES.BOOLEAN
       case 'number':
         return ECMA_SIZES.NUMBER
-      case 'symbol':
+      case 'symbol': {
         const isGlobalSymbol = Symbol.keyFor && Symbol.keyFor(object)
-        return isGlobalSymbol ? Symbol.keyFor(object).length * ECMA_SIZES.STRING : (object.toString().length - 8) * ECMA_SIZES.STRING 
+        return isGlobalSymbol
+          ? Symbol.keyFor(object).length * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
+          : (object.toString().length - 8) * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
+      }
       case 'object':
         if (Array.isArray(object)) {
           return object.map(getCalculator(seen)).reduce(function (acc, curr) {

indexv2.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * Calculates the approximate number of bytes that the provided object holds.
+ * @param object
+ */
+export default function sizeof<T>(object: T): number;

indexv2.js

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Copyright 2023 ChatGPT Jan 9 Version
+/* eslint-disable new-cap */ // to fix new Buffer.from
+'use strict'
+const ECMA_SIZES = require('./byte_size')
+
+/**
+ * Size in bytes in a Node.js environment
+ * @param {*} obj
+ * @returns size in bytes, or -1 if JSON.stringify threw an exception
+ */
+function objectSizeNode (obj) {
+  let totalSize = 0
+  const errorIndication = -1
+  try {
+    const objectToString = JSON.stringify(obj)
+    const buffer = new Buffer.from(objectToString)
+    totalSize = buffer.byteLength
+  } catch (ex) {
+    console.error('Error detected, return ' + errorIndication, ex)
+    return errorIndication
+  }
+  return totalSize
+}
+
+/**
+ * Size in bytes in a browser environment
+ * @param {*} obj
+ * @returns size in bytes
+ */
+function objectSizeBrowser (obj) {
+  const objectList = []
+  const stack = [obj]
+  let bytes = 0
+
+  while (stack.length) {
+    const value = stack.pop()
+
+    if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
+      bytes += ECMA_SIZES.BYTES
+    } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      bytes += value.length * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
+    } else if (typeof value === 'number') {
+      bytes += ECMA_SIZES.NUMBER
+    } else if (typeof value === 'symbol') {
+      const isGlobalSymbol = Symbol.keyFor && Symbol.keyFor(obj)
+      if (isGlobalSymbol) {
+        bytes += Symbol.keyFor(obj).length * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
+      } else {
+        bytes += (obj.toString().length - 8) * ECMA_SIZES.STRING
+      }
+    } else if (typeof value === 'object' && objectList.indexOf(value) === -1) {
+      objectList.push(value)
+
+      for (const i in value) {
+        stack.push(value[i])
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return bytes
+}
+
+/**
+ * Are we running in a Node.js environment
+ * @returns boolean
+ */
+function isNodeEnvironment () {
+  if (
+    typeof process !== 'undefined' &&
+    process.versions &&
+    process.versions.node
+  ) {
+    return true
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
+module.exports = function (obj) {
+  let totalSize = 0
+
+  if (obj !== null && typeof obj === 'object' && isNodeEnvironment()) {
+    totalSize = objectSizeNode(obj)
+  } else {
+    totalSize = objectSizeBrowser(obj)
+  }
+
+  return totalSize
+}