Run all vcs versioning processes locally (cherrypick of #21353) (#21357)

When using environments we must ensure we run VCS-related processes
in the local environment and not the inherited one, as a docker
environment will not have access to Git state.

In #21188 we made setuptools_scm itself run locally, but this was not
sufficient: this change makes sure we also run the pex building and
git binary discovery in the local environment.

Fixes #21178

docs/notes/2.22.x.md

@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ The `runtime` field of [`aws_python_lambda_layer`](https://www.pantsbuild.org/2.
 
 Fix running python source files that have dashes in them (bug introduced in 2.20). For example: `pants run path/to/some-executable.py`
 
+When using the `vcs_version` target, force `setuptools_scm` git operations to run in the local environment, so that the local git state is available to them.
+
 #### Semgrep
 
 The default version of `semgrep` used by the `pants.backends.experimental.tool.semgrep` backend is now version 1.72.0, upgraded from 1.46.0. This version requires Python 3.8 or greater.

src/python/pants/backend/python/util_rules/vcs_versioning.py

@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ async def generate_python_from_setuptools_scm(
     # A MaybeGitWorktree is uncacheable, so this enclosing rule will run every time its result
     # is needed, and the process invocation below caches at session scope, meaning this rule
     # will always return a result based on the current underlying git state.
-    maybe_git_worktree = await Get(MaybeGitWorktree, GitWorktreeRequest())
+    maybe_git_worktree = await Get(
+        MaybeGitWorktree,
+        {GitWorktreeRequest(): GitWorktreeRequest, local_environment_name.val: EnvironmentName},
+    )
     if not maybe_git_worktree.git_worktree:
         raise VCSVersioningError(
             softwrap(
@@ -100,7 +103,13 @@ async def generate_python_from_setuptools_scm(
         ),
     )
 
-    setuptools_scm_pex_get = Get(VenvPex, PexRequest, setuptools_scm.to_pex_request())
+    setuptools_scm_pex_get = Get(
+        VenvPex,
+        {
+            setuptools_scm.to_pex_request(): PexRequest,
+            local_environment_name.val: EnvironmentName,
+        },
+    )
     setuptools_scm_pex, input_digest = await MultiGet(setuptools_scm_pex_get, input_digest_get)
 
     argv = ["--root", str(maybe_git_worktree.git_worktree.worktree), "--config", config_path]