Retry referral ping if the referral ping has an error on retry. (uplift to 1.23.x)

[kkuehlz]

Partial uplift of #8382 and #8396. Only cherry picks the commit 5f1630b from the first PR, which is relevant for the regressions we are seeing with Android referrals in stable.

Pre-approval checklist:

• You have tested your change on Nightly.
• This contains text which needs to be translated.
  • There are more than 7 days before the release.
  • I've notified folks in #l10n on Slack that translations are needed.
• The PR milestones match the branch they are landing to.

Pre-merge checklist:

• You have checked CI and the builds, lint, and tests all pass or are not related to your PR.

Post-merge checklist:

• The associated issue milestone is set to the smallest version that the changes is landed on.

[kjozwiak]

pylint-report failed on pre-init as per https://ci.brave.com/job/pr-brave-browser-uplift_android_referral_net_changed_1.23.x-pre-init/2/execution/node/138/log/. However, these warnings are known and not specific to this particular PR hence not blocking uplift.

audit_deps failed on post-init as per https://ci.brave.com/job/pr-brave-browser-uplift_android_referral_net_changed_1.23.x-post-init/2/execution/node/145/log/. However, these warnings are known and not specific to this particular PR hence not blocking uplift.

macOS failed due to test-browser failing as per https://ci.brave.com/job/pr-brave-browser-uplift_android_referral_net_changed_1.23.x-macos/2/execution/node/242/log/ & https://ci.brave.com/job/pr-brave-browser-uplift_android_referral_net_changed_1.23.x-macos/2/execution/node/245/log/. However, these failures are known and not specific to this particular PR hence not blocking uplift.

03:15:40  5 tests crashed:
03:15:40      BraveStatsUpdaterBrowserTest.StatsUpdaterMigration (../../brave/browser/brave_stats/brave_stats_updater_browsertest.cc:275)
03:15:40      BraveStatsUpdaterBrowserTest.StatsUpdaterSetsFirstCheckPreference (../../brave/browser/brave_stats/brave_stats_updater_browsertest.cc:154)
03:15:40      BraveStatsUpdaterBrowserTest.StatsUpdaterStartupPingWithDefaultReferralCode (../../brave/browser/brave_stats/brave_stats_updater_browsertest.cc:229)
03:15:40      BraveStatsUpdaterBrowserTest.StatsUpdaterStartupPingWithReferralCode (../../brave/browser/brave_stats/brave_stats_updater_browsertest.cc:327)
03:15:40      BraveStatsUpdaterBrowserTest.StatsUpdaterThresholdSetsFirstCheckPreference (../../brave/browser/brave_stats/brave_stats_updater_browsertest.cc:191)

Linux failed due to test-browser failing as per https://ci.brave.com/job/pr-brave-browser-uplift_android_referral_net_changed_1.23.x-linux/2/execution/node/242/log/ & https://ci.brave.com/job/pr-brave-browser-uplift_android_referral_net_changed_1.23.x-linux/2/execution/node/245/log/. However, these failures are known and not specific to this particular PR hence not blocking uplift.

[kjozwiak]

Uplift into 1.23.x approved after deliberating with @brave/uplift-approvers. QA has verified the PR on Nightly as per #8396 (comment). @keur helped us verify that everything looked good on server side and the referrals finalized.